Terminalia triflora (Griseb.) Lillo

  • Authority

    Stace, C. A. & Alwan, A.-R A. 2010. Combretaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 107: 1-369. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Combretaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Terminalia triflora (Griseb.) Lillo

  • Type

    Type Argentina. Salta: Oran, Oct 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus 'Orán 9' (lectotype, GOET, here designated; isolectotype, B, destroyed, photograph in F; isolectotypes, BAF, BR, F, G, GOET, K, LE, P. PRC, S). Argentina. Tucuman: Tusca-y Tarura-Panyra, cerca de La Cruz, Dec 1872, Lorentz & Hieronymus  Tucuman 103 (lectoparatypes, B destroyed, BAF, BM, F, G, GOET, NY, US).

  • Synonyms

    Chuncoa triflora Griseb., Myrobalanus balansae Kuntze, Terminalia balansae (Kuntze) K.Schum., Terminalia hassleriana Chodat, Terminalia hassleriana var. bernardinensis Chodat, Terminalia balansae var. bernardinensis Hassl.

  • Description

    Species Description - Deciduous shrub or tree 3-20 m. Leaves 2.5 4.5(-7.5) × 1-2(-3) cm, chartaceous, usually narrowly elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate or elliptic, acute to obtuse or rounded at apex and often mucronate, cuneate to shortly attenuate at base, sparsely appressed-pubescent when mature but usually more densely so on main veins; domatia weak in secondary vein-axils but with dense hair-tufts. Venation as in T. australis. Petiole 0.1-0.9 cm, appressed-pubescent to subglabrous, eglandular. Inflorescences 1-2.6 cm, simple, more or less capitate, with 3-5(-7) flowers all bisexual; peduncle 1-2 cm, appressed-pubescent to sparsely so; rhachis 0.1-0.6 cm. Flowers pentamerous, 4.5-5.5 × 3-5 mm; lower hypanthium 2.5-3 mm, densely appressed-pubescent; upper hypanthium 2-3 mm, campanulate, appressed-pubescent; calyx lobes 1-1.5 mm, usually revolute, appressed-pubescent; disk very sparsely pilose; stamens 2-3.5 mm; style 2-3.5 mm, pubescent in proximal half. Fruits few crowded on short rhachis, 0.6-1.7 × 1-2.6 cm, flattened, rhombic, obtrullate or transversely elliptic in side view, rounded to emarginate at apex, rounded to shortly pseudostipitate or tapering-acute at base, pubescent to subglabrous; wings 2, fairly stiff, equal, (0.3-)0.5-1.3 cm wide, rounded to narrowly rounded or subacute laterally; body 0.2-0.5 cm wide, flattish on both faces or keeled on one face. Reproductive biology. Flowers white, cream-colored, whitish green, yellowish green, yellow, green; no mention of scent but "muito ornamental" and "greatly visited by bees and flies." Distinctly protogynous. Flowering July to November; fruiting August to January.

  • Discussion

    Illustrations. Figs. 74o, p (fr), 9lg (lf). Ortega Torres et al. (1989). pp. 66-67 (trunk, shoot, flower, fruit); Marquete Ferreira da Silva, Teixeira & Valente (2003), p. 123, fr.

    Uses. Rustic furniture, posts, small diverse objects, but wood is said to be difficult to work and not resistant to the weather.

    For differences from Terminalia australis see that species; the ovaries of T. triflora usually have a silvery-sericeous indumentum. Very young freshly emerged leaves at flowering time vary from rather sparsely pilose to very densely silvery-sericeous. Terminalia triflora varies in fruit size and wing width, eastern specimens having the larger fruits. The latter were proposed by Exell (in sched.) as a new subspecies, but seem insufficiently distinct. It is possible that, with further collections, T. reitzii and T. uleana might appear better treated as subspecies of T. triflora.

    Distribution and Ecology: (Fig. 98). Dry to moist tropical or subtropical forests, gallery forests, rainforests, river margins, open deciduous forests on sunny slopes, thickets, mata, on gravel, clay, sand or alluvium, at 3-1800 m. Bolivia and southern Brazil to northern Argentina, from ca. 16° S to ca. 28° S; more northern and western than Terminalia australis but sympatric in Santa Catarina and Parana, Brazil (e.g., both in Mun. Iguaçu, Paraná) and in Corrientes and Misiones, Argentina. It has been noted in Santa Fé, Argentina, which would extend the distribution to about 30° S (Southern Cone Project), but we have not seen specimens. Exell and Reitz (1967) did not include this species in Flora Ilustrado Catarinense, but the drawing of T. australis provided (taken from an earlier Argentinian work) consists of a flowering shoot of T. australis and a fruit of T. triflora (specimen not cited). The material of T. triflora that we have seen from Santa Catarina was collected after the Flora's publication.

  • Common Names

    Lanza, lanza amarilla, lakachaka, lecherón bianco, guajayví sayjú, guayaîvé saîyú, Sarandi, lanza amarilla, lapachillo, Palo amarillo, Sarandi, ibirá-saiyú, guayaibí amarillo

  • Distribution

    São Paulo Brazil South America| Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil South America| Santa Catarina Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Jujuy Argentina South America| Salta Argentina South America| Catamarca Argentina South America| Formosa Argentina South America| Corrientes Argentina South America| Chaco Argentina South America| Misiones Argentina South America| Tucuman Argentina South America| Chuquisaca Bolivia South America| La Paz Bolivia South America| Santa Cruz Bolivia South America| Tarija Bolivia South America| Alto Paraguay Paraguay South America| Alto Paraná Paraguay South America| Amambay Paraguay South America| Boquerón Paraguay South America| Caaguazú Paraguay South America| Caazapá Paraguay South America| Canindeyú Paraguay South America| Central Paraguay South America| Concepción Paraguay South America| Cordillera Paraguay South America| Guairá Paraguay South America| Itapúa Paraguay South America| Misiones Paraguay South America| Ñeembucú Paraguay South America| Nueva Asunción Paraguay South America| Paraguarí Paraguay South America| Presidente Hayes Paraguay South America|