Panopsis multiflora (Schott ex Spreng.) Ducke

  • Authority

    Prance, Ghillean T., et al. 2007. Proteaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 100: 1-218. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Proteaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Panopsis multiflora (Schott ex Spreng.) Ducke

  • Type

    Type. Schott 4883, (holotype, W [burned]; lectotype, designated here, F, photo K), Schott s.n. (possible isolectotype, BP).

  • Synonyms

    Roupala multiflora Schott ex Spreng., Andriapetalum multiflorum Schott, Andriapetalum reticulatum Pohl

  • Description

    Species Description - Small tree, or shrub. Young branches with closely appressed indumentum, tomentose or villous, yellow-orange to orange-brown, especially around nodes, glabrescent; bark dark gray-brown; lenticels numerous, small, to 0.8 × 0.5 mm, plane becoming raised and more conspicuous, granular, light brown to orange-brown. Axillary buds solitary in leaf axils, or elaborately lobed with flower buds developing in situ prior to raceme elongation, ferruginous-villous. Leaves subcoriaceous to coriaceous, usually drying shiny above, spirally arranged, decussate, or rarely verticillate towards shoot apex, the indumentum closely appressed-sericeous, shorter beneath than above, glabrescent, persisting longer at base of lamina, pale yellow to orange-brown. Petiole (3-)5-10 mm long, 1(-1.5) mm wide, flat, thick, base of lamina often descending petiole, faintly bulbate above, wrinkled and longitudinally ridged beneath, indumentum above dense, appressed, tomentose or villous, orange-brown fading to gray, beneath, sparsely long pilose, glabrescent. Lamina 4-15 × (l-)1.3-3.5(-4.2) cm, narrowly oblong, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate; base symmetrical, acute or cuneate; apex rarely rounded, more often obtuse to acute; margin revolute, more so at base; venation not usually conspicuous, raised above, brochidodromous from base of lamina, forming a double marginal vein at times, less often eucamptodromous at base; midrib ± plane above, rarely slightly raised or sunken; lateral veins 5-8(-10) pairs, leaving midrib at (20-)30-50(-70)°, the lowermost vein usually more acute to the midrib than the others, ascending very steeply. Primary axis of inflorescence branched, 3-11 cm × 1-1.5 mm (at times two axes emerge together due to nondevelopment of the apical meristem), the entire structure often broader than long, forming a pseudocorymb; (2-)3-8(-10) lateral inflorescences at (l-)2-6(-9) nodes, (0.7-)2-9 cm × 0.5-1 mm, spirally arranged, lowermost lateral inflorescences axillary to full-sized leaves which gradually reduce in size on ascending the primary axis, at times lateral inflorescences further branched, and accessory branching common; indumentum short-tomentose or short-villous to pilose, orange-brown, at times hairs short and closely appressed mixed with long, erect, fine, wavy hairs. Common bracts 0.7-3 mm long, orange-brown to yellow-brown long-tomentose to villous on exterior. Pedicels 4.5-9.5 × 0.2-0.3 mm, usually continuing to elongate after perianth parts shed, to 11.5 mm, the indumentum pale yellow to yellow-brown short-villous to pilose. Flowers 4-5.5 mm long; perianth indumentum pale yellow to yellow-brown, closely appressed, short sericeous-pilose; free part of filaments 1.5-3 mm long, adnate 2-3 mm from base of perianth; anthers l × 0.2-0.5 mm long, oblong; hypogynous nectary 0.4-1 mm long, acutely lobed; ovary hairs extending 1.5-2(-2.5) mm from base, straggly; style 0.2-0.3 mm wide at midlength, very slightly clavate. Fruit pedicel 5-7 × 2-3 mm. Fruit 3 cm diam., (elliptic to) globose, the apex slightly mucronate, smooth dark brown-black, sometimes speckled pale brown, the surface pale orange-brown pubescent when young, glabrescent; pericarp 1 mm thick; outer mesocarp very thin; mid mesocarp 0.8 mm thick; inner mesocarp thin. Seed coat fused to pericarp. Seed 2 cm diam., fleshy, pale brown. Field characters. Shrub or tree 2-8 m tall. Flowers white to cream or greenish yellow, fragrant.

  • Discussion

    No uses reported.

    There seems to be confusion both within the literature and among the exsiccatae as to the basionym and author of this species. Sleumer cited the authority as "(Schott ex Sprengel) Ducke," but it seems that Schott should be cited as the sole basionym author (the basionym being Roupala multiflora), because the appendix to Sprengel’s Systema Vegetabilium was written by Schott and included only species and combinations made by him. It would appear from exsiccatae that Schott first recognized the plant as belonging to Andriapetalum but decided it belonged to Roupala by the time he published the name in 1827. The following year, Pohl illegitimately published the species as A. reticulatum, presumably using the same type that Schott used for R. multiflora because Pohl attributes the type collection to Schott. In a footnote at the bottom of this description, Pohl states “ex colloquiis vero, et consideratis illius verbis apparuit, earn sibi pro novo Genere valuisse,” indicating that Schott, in conversation and through his carefully chosen words, considered the species to be worthy of a new genus; Sprengel believed it to belong to Roupala. Nearly two decades later, in 1847, Endlicher transferred Roupala multiflora to Andriapetalum. Whether Schott himself had changed his mind over the genus, or whether Endlicher based this publication on incorrectly labeled specimens or out-of-date manuscripts of Schott is unknown.

    The Schott type at W was burned, and a "merotype," according to the terminology of Sleumer, is to be found at F. This probably means a matching specimen and this is chosen as the lectotype here.

    Panopsis multiflora is extremely similar in outward appearance to P. ptariana; its more subtle differences being described under that species.

    Phenology. Flowering Feb-Sep; fruiting in Sep and Oct.

  • Common Names

    Canella amarella

  • Distribution

    Endemic to the southeast of Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro, north to Distrito Federal and southwest as far as São Paulo. Growing at 600-1200 m alt., from hygrophilous to xerophytic woods, and hillside with secondary growth forest and bracken-covered campo.

    São Paulo Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America|