Talisia cerasina (Benth.) Radlk.
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Authority
Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro. 2003. Meliococceae (Sapindaceae):
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Family
Sapindaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil. Pará: vicinity of Santarem, Apr-Aug 1850 (fl), Spruce 1035 (lectotype, K, here designated; isotypes, K-2, M, P, photo of M (F neg. 6018) at NY and US).
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Synonyms
Sapindus oblongus Benth., Sapindus cerasinus Benth.
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Description
Species Description - Treelet or small tree, 2-4(12) m tall. Stems terete, smooth or minutely lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves paripinnate; distal process truncate, 2-3 mm long; leaflets (6)10-16(18), alternate or subopposite, 5-32(40) × 1.2-7.2 (18) cm, falcate, elliptic, oblong, lanceolate-elliptic, ovate-elliptic or oblanceolate, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous, the adaxial surface glossy, with prominent midvein and sunken or plane secondary veins, the abaxial surface with numerous glandular dots and prominent midvein and secondary veins, the venation brochidodromus, lighter than the blade, with secondary veins alternate or subopposite, arching toward the margin, tertiary veins reticulate, the margins entire, revolute or slightly so, the apex short- to long-acuminate, the base asymmetrical to strongly asymmetrical, one side obtuse the other attenuate; petiolules pulvinate at base or less often nearly cylindrical, 0.5-1.5 cm long, glabrous, usually drying dark brown, the pulvinus conical, 4-6 mm long; rachis 10-55 cm long, terete, striate, slightly angled on distal portion, glabrous; petioles 9-28 cm long, terete, striate, slightly pulvinate at base. Thyrses panicle-shaped, terminal or axillary; cataphylls acicular, 4-5 (10) mm long, early deciduous; axes 20-60 cm long, puberulent, minute hispidulose to tomentose, the secondary branches to 17 cm long,angled, sulcate; bracts subulate to deltate, persistent, 2.5-5 mm long, with same indumentum as the axis, sometimes with glandular hairs; dichasia simple or compound; peduncles 0.5-5 mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long, articulate at or slightly above the middle. Calyx 1.5-2.5 (-3.5) mm long, appressed-pubescent to nearly tomentose, the sepals 1.5-3 mm long, ovate, oblong, or less often deltate, concave, obtuse or acute at apex; petals oblong, (4) 5.5-7 (-8) mm long, reflexed at anthesis, adaxially papillate, abaxially glabrous or sometimes appressed-pubescent at base, usually ciliate at margins, the apex obtuse, the base cuneate or obtuse; appendages as long as the petals, triangular-lanceolate, erect, simple or seldom bifid at apex, adaxially sericeous, abaxially glabrous or papillate; disc annular, 5-lobed, tomentulose, tomentose, puberulent or rarely glabrous, 0.6-0.7 mm tall; stamens 8, the filaments of equal length, 1.7-2.7 mm long, pilose or less often glabrous, the anthers 1.4-2.3 mm long, oblong, glabrous, apiculate at apex; ovary ovoid, densely sericeous, the stigma elongate, papillate. Fruits l(2)-seeded, ellipsoid to nearly globose, glabrescent, yellow, orange or red, 2-3(3.5) cm long, nearly smooth, rounded at apex, with short apiculum, the pericarp 0.8-1.2 (3) mm thick, the endocarp smooth, glabrous. Seed ellipsoid, 1.8-2 cm long; cotyledons superimposed, the upper cotyledons slightly larger than the lower one.
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Discussion
Talisia cerasina is a highly variable species that can be recognized by the presence of falcate leaflets with acute to acuminate apices; leaf rachis glabrous, striate and slightly angled distally; long-pedunculate inflorescences with relatively large flowers, bearing 8 stamens with pilose to puberulent filaments; and disc pilose or puberulent. Talisia cerasina and T. retusa are vegetatively very similar, however, T. cerasina can be distinguished by its pubescent disc (vs. glabrous in T. retusa). The specific epithet refers to the cherry-like fruits, as originally described by Spruce in the type collection.
Cultivated for its edible fruits (fleshy seed testa).Phenology. Collected in flower from June to March, with most collections from September to December; fruiting throughout the year.
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Common Names
tambor caspi, carachupa caspi, virote huayo, breu, Pitomba, Pitomba, pitomba brava, Pitombeira, camboatá da folha grande, Pitomba, pitombinha, pitomba do mato, Piton
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Distribution
From Costa Rica to Bolivia, extending into the Amazon and east into northeastern and southeastern Brazil. In terra firme, igapo, varzea, gallery, and secondary forests, and Campina.
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