Abarema floribunda (Benth.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes
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Authors
Rupert C. Barneby
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Authority
Barneby, Rupert C. & Grimes, James W. 1996. Silk tree, guanacaste, monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74: 1-292.
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Family
Mimosaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
"Habitat in silvis Rio Uaupés prope Panuré, prov. do Alto Amazonas: Spruce n. 2471." — Holotypus, K(herb. bentham.) = NY Neg. 2809!, isotypi, +B = F Neg. 1195!, GH!, GOET!, K(herb. hooker.)!, NY!, P!, RB (2)!
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Description
Species Description - Trees 10-20(-29) m with trunk 2-5 dm diam, but sometimes flowering precociously as a shrubby treelet, the young parts, except lfts, densely pubescent with sordid or golden-brown hairs ±0.1-0.3 mm but glabrate with age, the foliage bicolored, the young lfts subvertically imbricate along rachis but spreading in age, submembranous becoming chartaceous and sharply venulose, when dry brown above, pale brown beneath, commonly puberulent on both faces (or on upper one only along midrib) and thinly ciliolate, but sometimes glabrate on both faces, the large, many-fld capitula arising singly or paired in distal lf-axils on peduncle shorter than the associated lf-stk. Stipules linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or narrowly ovate (3-) 4—13 x 1.5-4 mm, quickly deciduous from the expanding lf. Lf-formula (iii—)iv—vi/8—17(—21); lf-stks (6—)8—15(—23) cm, the petiole (2-)3-7 cm, the longer interpinnal segments 1.3-4 cm; nectary immediately below first pinna-pair sessile low-convex or scutiform 1.5-4.5 mm diam, sometimes also one on petiole and/or between further pairs, similar or shortly stipitate, always smaller ones on pinna-rachis at 1-15 furthest pairs of lfts; pinnae either scarcely or strongly graduated, (7-)8-14(-20) cm, the longer interfoliolar segments 5-15 mm; paraphyllidia minute or 0; pulvinules wrinkled 0.7-1.4 x 0.5-1 mm; lfts a little distally accrescent, oblong from inequilateral, broadly cuneate base, broadly obtuse, the longer ones (10-)17-28(-37) x (3.5—)5.5—12.5(—17) mm, 2.3-3.3 times as long as wide; the major secondary nerves 7— 12(—15) on each side of midrib, the tertiary venules brochidodrome within the plane, somewhat thickened margin. Peduncles 3.5-8 cm; capitula ±40-60-fid, without filaments ±20-24 mm diam, the clavate receptacle 5-14 x 3-6 mm; lower bracts ovate-elliptic, the upper ones becoming spatulate, all ±1 mm, caducous; the 5(randomly 6)-merous fls dimorphic, the peripheral ones pedicellate, the 1-3 terminal ones sessile and larger, the perianth of all densely appressed-silky, the indumentum of corolla golden, of calyx brown, the corolla of peripheral ones purplish, of terminal ones (fide Spruce & Ducke) white, the filaments rose-purple; PERIPHERAL FLS: pedicel 1-5 x 0.4-0.55(-0.7) mm; calyx campanulate 4—9 x 2.1-2.4 mm, the teeth ±0.5-1.4 mm; corolla 8-13 mm, the lobes ±2.5 x 1.2-1.5 mm; androecium 18-26-merous, 3.3-4 cm, the stemonozone 1.6-2 mm, the tube 4-5 mm; ovary glabrous or rarely puberulent above middle, truncate and dilated at apex; TERMINAL FL (few seen): calyx 6-9.5 x 2.5-3.5 mm; corollas 15-17 mm; androecial tube shortly exserted. Pods 1-2 per capitulum, sessile or basally attenuate into a short pseudostipe, in profile broad-linear, evenly retrofal- cate through 1/3-2/3-circle, 12-26(-33) x (1.4—)1.7-2.5 cm, the coriaceous, dark brown, glabrous valves framed by stout, shallowly undulate sutures 2-3 mm wide, becoming low-convex and wrinkled or verruculose over each of 9-15 seeds; dehiscence through both sutures, the valves coiling, the endocarp reddish in the seed-cavities and tan between them; seeds (one seen) transverse on tapelike, apically sigmoid funicle, plumply discoid 8-8.5 mm diam, the testa (when old) lustrous brown, but (fide Ducke) green and white when fresh, the pleurogram 6.5 mm diam.
Distribution and Ecology - In forest on terra firme, known in typical form from lowland centr. and W Amazonian Brazil, from Manaus and the Urubú basin NW to the Uaupés, W on the Solimões into Peru (Loreto, San Martin, E Huánuco) and on the Napo into NE Ecuador, and SW to Acre (Cruzeiro do Sul), N just into Venezuela (Amazonas); further (see discussion below) represented by morphologically, perhaps taxonomically, distinct forms, in (a) upland Guyana (Mazaruni basin), (b) N. Peru (Alto Amazonas, prov. Bagua), SE Colombia (Com. Vaupés), and N Colombia. — Map 7.
Local Names and Uses - Pashaco (Peru); marupa (Venezuela).
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Discussion
The foregoing description applies specifically to A. floribunda sensu stricto. Four collections, in some respects different both from typical A. floribunda and from each other, may represent distinct taxa, but these are at present too little known for certain definition or formal description:
variant 1 [f! H. Allen 3379. COLOMBIA. Vaupés: Guaracapuri cachoeira [Raudal Uaracapuri], Río Vaupés [69°55'W], 60 m, 21 Nov 1945 (NY, US).]: Trees ±10 m; stipules ±1 mm wide; If-for- mula i-ii/5; lf-nectaries flat; larger lfts ±30 x 13 mm; capitula 15-20-fld; calyx of peripheral fls 4.5-5.5 mm and corolla 7.5-8.5 mm; ovary puberulent. — The lf-formula and relatively few-fld capitula are visually arresting,
variant 2 [J. J. Wurdack 1844. PERU. Amazonas, prov. Bagua: valley of Río Maranón above Cascadas de Mayasi, 450-600 m, 5 Sept. 1962 (NY, P, S, US)]: Bushy trees 5 m; stipules 1-1.5 mm wide; lf-formula iii-v/10-12; lf-nectaries low-convex; larger lfts ±35 x 12-15 mm; capitula ±50-70-fld; calyx of peripheral fls ±4.5 mm and corolla only 5.5-6.5 mm; ovary puberulent. — The ample lfts, small flowers, and puberulent ovary are peculiar,
variant 3 [Tillett & Tillett 45554. GUYANA. Mazaruni basin: Kako R., 950 m, 29 Sept 1960 (NY)]: Trees (stature not recorded); stipules ±1 mm wide; lf-formula iv—vi/12—13; lf-nectaries shallowly concave; larger lfts 16-22 x 6-9 mm; capitula ±25-fld; calyx of peripheral fls ±5.5 mm and corolla 10.5-11 mm; androecium 32-merous; ovary glabrous. — Congruent with A. floribunda in form and texture of leaves and in relatively short peduncles, but approaching the almost sympatric A. ferruginea in smaller flowers and thin-textured leaflets,
variant 4 [Callejas et al. 8590; Fonnegra et al. 3057, 3115. COLOMBIA. Antioquia, mun. San Carlos, near Vereda Miraflores (all HUA)]: Trees 10-20 m; stipules 2-4.5 mm; lf-formula ii- v/9-12; lf-nectaries almost flat, wrinkled; larger lfts 20-35 x 9-15 mm; only fragmentary withered peripheral fls seen, calyx 4—4.5 mm, corolla 7.5 mm; seeds white at base, translucent blue- gray and darker-mottled ("moradas") distally. — Very close to typical A. floribunda, but incompatible ecologically, and the androecium, so far as observed, only about 16 (not 33-4-0) mm long.
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Common Names
Pashaco, marupa
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Distribution
Amazonas Brazil South America| Loreto Peru South America| San Martín Peru South America| Huánuco Peru South America| Ecuador South America| Acre Brazil South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Guyana South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Vaupés Colombia South America| Colombia South America|