Echinodorus uruguayensis Arechav.
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Authority
Haynes, Robert R. & Holm-Nielsen, Laurtiz B. 1994. The Alismataceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 64: 1-228. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Alismataceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Uruguay. Tacuarembo, Arroyo Cardoso, Oct 1900, Archavaleta s.n. (Lectotype, MVM 4238, n.v., fide Paz, 1986). Photo of type in original publication!
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Synonyms
Echinodorus martii var. uruguayensis (Arechav.) Hauman, Echinodorus horemanii Rataj, Echinodorus osiris Rataj, Echinodorus barthii H.Mühlberg
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Description
Species Description - Perennials, from short rhizomes, glabrous, to 85 cm tall, rhizomes to 1 cm diam. Leaves floating or submersed; floating leaves greenish-brown, petiolate, the blades elliptic-ovate, with 5 veins, entire, 7-17 cm long, 2.1-4.7 cm wide, the pellucid markings present as separate lines, the apex round, the base attenuate, the petioles channelled, terete, 4.5-16 cm long, 1.2-2.5 mm diam, the base with a sheath to 10 cm long; submersed leaves brown to dark brown, petiolate, the blades linear to linear-elliptic, entire, with 3-5 veins, 3.2-34.1 cm long, 0.9-3.9 cm wide, the pellucid markings mostly absent but occasionally present as separate lines, the apex acute to round-acute, the base attenuate, the petioles channelled, terete, 1.1-11.5 cm long, 0.4-7.4 mm wide, the base with a sheath to 6 cm long. Inflorescence racemose, of 3-7 whorls, erect, overtopping the leaves, occasionally with vegetative proliferations, 6-13 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, the whorls with 5-9 flowers, the rachis triangular between whorls; peduncles round below, becoming angled above, 14-63 cm long, 1.3-6.2 cm diam.; bracts subulate, shorter than pedicels, coarse throughout, separate, 0.9-3.2 cm long, the apex long acuminate; pedicels ascending in flower and fruit, cylindric, 1.2-3.6 cm long, 0.4-0.7 mm diam. Flowers ca. 2.8 cm wide, sepals erect in flower, spreading in fruit, to 10-13 veined, 4.56.4 mm long, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, the veins without papillae; petals with claws, 1.26 mm long, ca. 9 mm wide; stamens ca. 22, the anthers versatile, 1-1.4 mm long, the apex obtuse, the filaments to 1.5 mm long; carpels numerous. Fruit linear-obovate, 2-3-ribbed, cylindric, without keel, glandular, separating when mature, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, the glands 2, linear to linear-elliptic, between the ribs, the beak lateral, erect, 0.1-0.7 mm long.
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Discussion
Rataj (1975) designated Osten 2984 (W) as the lectotype. This may not be correct, as Archavaleta (1903) did not mention the Osten collection, nor any collection, in the protologue. He does not even mention a distribution for the species. Arechavaleta does, however, include a photograph of a specimen of the taxon, one that is quite adequate for determination. That photograph is an available syntype. Paz (1986) points out that one specimen collected by Archavaleta prior to 1903 exits at MVM. That specimen may also be an available syntype. Paz states "que además coincide con la diagnosis de la especie y la ilustración publicada-se invalida el lectotypus ..." We believe he is correct that Rataj’s lectotypification is invalid. As we have not yet examined the specimen, we cannot say for certain that it corresponds with the diagnosis and illustration as was stated by Paz. We are following Paz at this time, however, and accepting the MVM specimen as the lectotype.
The species is sold under the German commercial names "Rote-Amazonaspflanze" and "Horemans Amazonaspflanze" (“Red-Amazon plant” and "Horeman’s Amazon plant," transl.). Additionally, other cultivars are sold as 'E. horemanii, 'E. osiris,' 'E. barthii,' 'E. janii,' 'E. africanus,' 'E. veronikae,' 'E. pellucidus,' 'E. opacus,' and 'E. portoalegrensis.' Propagation is by division of the rhizome, on which plants from dormant buds are easily formed, and by adventitious plantlets of the inflorescences. Suited for medium to large sized aquariums, this is an undemanding species concerning temperature (optimum 20-25, and range 10-27°C), light, and substrate. The species is not suitable for paludariums (De Graaf, 1988a; De Wit, 1971, 1982; Kasselmann, 1987; Loose, 1987; Mühlberg, 1980, 1986; Paffrath, 1982; Rataj, 1970a, 1988; Schöpfel, 1986,1989b; Schulze, 1968). -
Objects
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Distribution
Southern Brazil and Uruguay to eastern Chile. Flowers and fruits from August to May; 100-2000 m elev.
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