Echinodorus bolivianus (Rusby) Holm-Niels.
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Authority
Haynes, Robert R. & Holm-Nielsen, Laurtiz B. 1994. The Alismataceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 64: 1-228. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Alismataceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Based on the type of Alisma bolivianum.
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Synonyms
Alisma bolivianum Rusby, Alisma ranunculoides var. brasiliense A.St.-Hil., Alisma tenellum f. latifolium Seub., Echinodorus tenellus var. latifolius (Seub.) Fassett, Echinodorus latifolius (Seub.) Rataj, Echinodorus tenellus f. apanecae Fassett, Echinodorus angustifolius Rataj, Echinodorus quadricostatus Fassett, Echinodorus quadricostatus var. xinguensis Rataj, Echinodorus magdalenensis Fassett, Echinodorus quadricostatus var. magdalenensis (Fassett) Rataj, Echinodorus isthmicus Fassett, Echinodorus austroamericanus Rataj
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Description
Species Description - Annuals, glabrous, to 45 cm tall; stoloniferous. Leaves emersed or submersed; emersed leaves pale green to green-brown, petiolate, the blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, with 1-3 veins, entire, 1-7.4 cm long, 0.2-1.8 cm wide, the pellucid markings present as separate, long lines, the apex acute, the base acute to attenuate, the petioles terete throughout, 4-5-ridged, 0.4-28.5 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm diam., the base with a sheath to 2 cm long; sumbersed leaves petiolate, the blades linear-lanceolate, with 3 veins, entire, 3.8-6.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, the pellucid markings present as separate, long lines, the apex acute, the base acute to attenuate, the petioles terete throughout, 4-5 ridged, to 12 cm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide. Inflorescence umbelliform, of 1, or rarely racemose and with 2 whorls, erect, overtopping the leaves, not vegetatively proliferating, to 5-15 cm long, to 10 cm wide, the whorls with 6-15 flowers, the rachis absent, terete between whorls if present; peduncles terete, 4-5 ridged, 3.5-31.4 cm long, 0.1-1 mm diam.; bracts deltoid, shorter than pedicels subtended, connate ca. half of length, delicate, 2.8-3.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, the apex acute; pedicels spreading in flower and fruit, terete, 1.1-6.2 cm long, 0.4-0.5 mm diam. Flowers 8-17 mm wide; sepals spreading, with 7 veins, 2.8-3.6 mm long, 2.8-3.6 mm wide, the veins not papillose; petals clawed, 2.54.1 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, the claw ca. 1 mm long; stamens 9, the anthers basifixed, 0.5-0.6 mm long, the apex obtuse, the filaments 1.8-2.1 mm long, the carpels 15-20. Fruit obovate, 3-4-ribbed, terete, without keel, eglandular, 0.8-1.8 mm long, 0.8-1.3 mm wide, separating when mature, the beak lateral, erect, 0.1-0.3 mm long.
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Discussion
There are two specimens of White 1540, the type collection of Alisma bolivianum Rusby at NY, both of which apparently were examined by Rusby. Neither was indicated the type, nor was one indicated in the protologue. Both are clearly the same taxon. Thus no change in usage will result regardless of which is chosen as the lectotype. We have chosen one (labelled on the sheet) as the lectotype and the other as an isolectotype.
Sold under the German commercial name "Hahnenfussaehnlicher Igelschlauch" and "Hahnenfuss-Froschloeffel," and the English "Dwarf Amazon Swordplant." Cultivars have been sold under the scientific names Echinodorus xingu, E. magdalenensis, and E. quadricostatus. Propagation is by rhizome runners. It should be grown in medium to large-sized aquariums with a temperature range of 15-30°C and an optimum of 24-28. The pH and water hardness requirements are quite ariable. A source of bright light, a rich bottom medium, and a high concentration of iron are essential, however (De Wit, 1971, 1982; Mühlberg, 1980; Paffrath, 1979). -
Objects
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Distribution
Central United States of America south to the Caribbean Islands and Argentina. Flowers and fruits year round in the tropics; 0-2000 m elev.
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