Rollinia cuspidata Diels
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Authority
Maas, Paulus J. M., et al. 1992. Rollinia. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 57: 1-188. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Annonaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type: Brazil. Amazonas: "Insula Saraca," Rio Amazonas, Sep 1819 (fl), Martius 2725 (lectotype, M = with paper label 221, here designated; isolectotypes, B: fragment, M).
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Synonyms
Rollinia cardiantha Diels, Rollinia pachyptera Diels, Rollinia centrantha R.E.Fr., Rollinia uniflora R.E.Fr., Rollinia sphaerantha R.E.Fr.
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Description
Species Description - Tree or shrub (one specimen reported to be a vine), 2-10(-12) m tall and to 20 cm in diam. Leafy twigs and petioles rather densely covered with appressed, ferruginous, simple hairs to 0.5(-l) mm long, becoming glabrous. Petioles 510 mm long, 1 mm in diam. Lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic (to narrowly ovate, ovate, obovate, or narrowly obovate), chartaceous, dark (brownish-)green above, pale (brownish-)green below, (8-)10-20(-26) cm long, (3-)4-8(-10) cm wide, densely to rather densely covered with erect, white, simple hairs on primary and secondary veins, otherwise subglabrous above, rather densely to sparsely covered with brownish, appressed, simple (to furcate) hairs to 0.5(-1) mm long below, base cuneate (to broadly cuneate or obtuse), apex acuminate, acumen 5-20(-30) mm long, the tip itself acute to obtuse; secondary veins (slightly) curved, 10-18 on either side of primary vein, with few, short, intersecondaries, angles with primary vein 40-60°, loops indistinct to distinct, smallest distance between loops and margin 0.5-3(-5) mm, tertiary veins 7-8 per intercosta, (weakly) percurrent. Domatia present. Inflorescences mostly supra-axillary, 1-4-flowered, peduncles, pedicels, bracts, and outer side of sepals rather densely covered with greyish, appressed hairs, becoming glabrous, corolla rather densely covered with brownish to greyish, mostly appressed, simple hairs, sometimes glabrescent in part. Peduncles 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm in diam. Pedicels 10-20(-25) mm long, ca. 1 mm in diam., fruiting pedicels to 35 mm long, to 2 mm in diam. Bracts broadly (ovate-)triangular to (ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm long, upper bract inserted just above the base to in the lower 2/5 (or halfway) of the pedicel. Flowers green to yellow, inner base purplish, with sweet odor (D. N. Smith 2901) in vivo. Sepals free, appressed to (at least in vivo?) often partly recurved, broadly ovate-deltate to almost cordate, 3-4.5 mm long and wide, acute, not gibbous. Corolla tube 3-4 {-6} mm high, 6-7{-10} mm in diam., wings very broadly oblong-ovate to oblong-ovate, horizontal to slightly ascending, 4-7{-8} mm long, 4-7{-10} mm high, 1-3 {-5} mm thick, index = 1. Fruit globose to very broadly ovoid, 1.2-3 cm in diam., pale glaucous green (with purple tinge), maturing yellow or orange in vivo, black and pruinose when dry, composed of ca. 15 carpels, densely covered with appressed, brown, simple hairs, glabrescent, areoles fiat to pulvinate, without or with tiny apicule in the (extreme part of the) upper half, 5-10 mm in diam, at the base, 1-3 mm high, surface smooth; wall ca. l{-2} mm thick. Seeds 9-16 × 5-10 mm. Chromosome number: 2n = 28.
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Discussion
The fruit is edible (Idrobo 4720).
Rollinia cuspidata is easily recognized by the short wings which are about as long as high, and a fruit black in dried condition, composed of few carpels (less than 20) with hardly protruding areoles. Vegetatively, it can be distinguished by the often long-acuminate leaves which, when dry, frequently show white-banded large veins (Fig. 44B). R. cuspidata is the only species in the genus which occurs in both western Amazonia and in the Guianas.The collection Schunke V. 2668 from Bosque Nacional de Iparia, Loreto, Peru, is somewhat aberrant in the following characters: petiole to 15 mm long and 3 mm in diam., lamina to 12.5 cm wide, flowering pedicels to 1.5 mm thick.The collection Krukoff 8488 is remarkable for being a vine. Vines seem to be extremely rare in Rollinia. The only other case known at present is a collection of R. mammifera.See also notes under Rollinia centrantha. -
Common Names
Cacahuillo, Nahueno, Abriba sauvage, Annona, Anona, Annonilla, Anonilla, Anonillita, Yanchama
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Objects
Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. AMAZONAS: Trapecio Amazonico, Rio Atacuari, alt. 100 m, 10 Oct 1961 (fl), Idrobo 4720 (COL); Trapecio Amazonico, Rio Atacuari, 24 Oct 1946 (fl), Schultes & Black 8564a (NY). CAQUETA: 1 km N of Solano, 8 km SE of Tres Esquinas on Rio Caqueta, below mouth of Rio Orte guaza, alt. 200 m, 7 Mar 1946 (fr), E. L. & R. R. Little 9648 (COL) FRENCH GUIANA. Saul, Route de Belizon, PK. 7, 26 Mar 1981 (fr), de Granville 4476 (CAY, U); Crique Baboune, 12 km from confluence with Mana Riv er, 29 Jul 1981 (fl), de Granville 4690 (CAY); Mana River, between Degrad Blanc and Bellevue, 19 Aug 1981 (fl), de Granville 4938 (CAY); Saul, Trace "Limonade," 13 Jan 1972 (fl), de Granville B-4225 (CAY, U); S of Saiil, 9 Feb 1966 (yfr), Oldeman 2006 (CAY); Saul, Belvedere Est, 8 Mar 1972 (fl), Oldeman B-4336 (CAY) PERU. LoRETO: Iquitos, inundation belt of Rio Itaya, 5 Nov 1940 (fl), Asplund 14332 (R, S); Prov. Maynas, Pucaurquillo, 16 Dec 1980 (fr), Ayala et al. 2964 (U); vic. Lago Llanchama, near Rio Nanay, 2 Aug 1972 (fl), Croat 18727 (F, MO, NY, USM); along Rio Amazonas, S of Iquitos, 18 Aug 1972 (fl), Croat 19351 (AAU, COL, F, GH, MO, NY, P, RB, USM); Rio Nanay downriver from Mishana toward Iquitos, alt. 150 m, 3 Dec 1976 (yfr), Davidson 5247 (U); Rio Yanayacu, ca. 15 km down Rio Amazonas from Iquitos, 3 Dec 1979 (fl, fr), Davidson & Jones 9549 (U); tributary of Rio Nanay, near Iquitos, 9 Dec 1979 (yfr), Davidson & Jones 9765 (U); vic. Santa Maria de Nanay, Rio Nanay, alt. 120 m, 4 Jan 1976 (st), Gentry & Ayala 15561 (AMAZ, MO, U); Quebrada Yanamono, Rio Amazonas, above mouth of Rio Napo, alt. 130 m, 14 Nov 1979 (st), Gentry et al. 28023 (MO, U); Yurimaguas, Lower Rio Huallaga, alt. 135 m, 23 Aug-7 Sep 1929 (defl), Killip & Smith 27649 (F); Quistacocha, near Iquitos, alt. 100 m, 13 Nov 1984 (yfr), Maas et al. 6278 (AMAZ, U, USM); Rio Momon, near confluence with Rio Nanay, alt. 50 m, 14 Nov 1984 (fl), Maas et al. 6295 (F, K, NY, U, USM, WIS, WU); Rio Momon, several km from confluence with Rio Nanay, Fundo Balcon, alt. 100 m, 15 Nov 1984 (fl, fr), Maas et al. 6302 (NY, U, USM); Baradero de Bombonaje, near Rio Yanayacu, 16 Aug 1973 (fl), McDaniel & Rimachi Y. 17826 (AMAZ, F, USM); Rio Nanay, near Naval Station, 23 Sep 1975 (fl), McDaniel & Rimachi Y. 20191 (NA); Prov. Requena, Rio Ucayali, Carno Supay, near Jenaro Herrera, 11 Oct 1986 (fl), Peters 183 (NY, U); Rio Itaya, near Caserio Santa Barbara, 1 Dec 1976 (yfr), Revilla 2018 (AMAZ, MO, U, USM); Rio Nanay, below Bellavista, Cocha de la Marina, 6 Oct 1977 (fl), Rimachi Y. 3235 (AMAZ, F, USM); Bosque Nacional de Iparia, W of Iparia, alt. 250-300 m, 23 Aug 1968 (fl, fr), Schunke V. 2668 (COL, F, G, GH, NY, VEN); island in Rio Amazonas, opposite Iquitos, 17 Feb 1968 (yfr), Simpson & Schunke V. 685 (COL, NY, U); near Santa Maria de Nanay, 5 Mar 1968 (fr), Simpson 785 (COL, F, NY); Jenaro Herrera, Cocha Pumacahua, Rio Ucayali, alt. 140 m, 15 Jul 1980 (fr), Vasquez & Jaramillo 267 (MO, U); Fatima, 45 minutes per speedboat N of Iquitos, alt. 118 m, 12 Aug 1980 (juv. fl), Vdsquez et al. 433 (MO, U); Prov. Requena, Pto. Peru, Rio Ucayali, alt. 170 m, 4 Dec 1980 (fr), Vdsquez & Jaramillo 878 (AMAZ, MO, U, USM); Prov. Maynas, Buena Vista, Rio Tahuayo, alt. 140 m, 24 Jan 1980 (fr), Vasquez & Jaramillo 1223 (AMAZ, MO, U); Prov. Maynas, Padre Isla (Cocha Pastor), alt. 116 m, 29 Oct 1981 (fl), Vasquez 2690 (U); Prov. Maynas, Llachapa (Explor. Napo), Rio Napo, alt. 130 m, 20 Jan 1983 (fr), Vasquez & Jaramillo 3773 (MO, U); Rio Morono (Itaya), Iquitos, 3 May 1929 (yfr), LI. Williams 62 (F); Caballo Cocha, Rio Amazonas, Aug 1929 (fl), LI. Williams 2407 (F); La Victoria, Rio Amazonas, 22 Aug 1929 (fl), Li Williams 2680 (F), ibidem, 29 Aug 1929 (fl), Ll. Williams 2940 (F); Iquitos, 29 Mar 1930 (yfr), LI. Williams 8043 (B, F). PAsco: Prov. Oxapampa, 5 km SE of Oxapampa, alt. 1850 m, 9-11 Dec 1982 (fl), D. N. Smith 2901 (MO) BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Rio Solimoes, costa do Catalao, 18 Mar 1968 (fr), de Albuquerque et al. 68-98 (INPA); Mun. Maraa, Rio Japura, 30 Oct 1982 (fl), Amaral et al. 242 (INPA, MG, NY, RB, U); Rio Solimaaes, below Tabatinga, 14 Oct 1976 (defl), Braga et al. 3134 (INPA); Mun. Manicoro, near Bella Vista, Basin of Rio Madeira, 8 Sep 1934 (fl), Krukoff 6017 (A, NY, U); Mun. Humaita, near Tres Casas, Basin of Rio Madeira, 14 Sep-11 Oct 1934 (fl), Krukoff 6181 (A, BM, F, G, K, MICH, NY, S, U); Mun. Sao Paulo de Olivenca, near Palmares, Basin of Rio Solimoes, 11 Sep-26 Oct 1936 (fl), Krukoff8298 (BM, BR, F, G, GB, LE, MICH, MO, NY, S, U, VEN), ibidem, 11 Sep-26 Oct 1936 (yfr), Krukoff 8488 (A, BM, BR, F, LE, NY, S, U); Mun. Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Basin of Creek Belem, 26 Oct-11 Dec 1936 (fl), Krukoff 8813 (NY); Ilha Aramaca, almost opposite Tabatinga, 23 Jul 1973 (yfl), Prance et al. 16689 (NY, U), ibidem, 24 Jul 1973 (yfr), Prance et al. 16808 (NY, U); Rio Purus, Canutama, 3 Sep 1977 (fl), Rodrigues 9741 (INPA). RORAIMA: Posto Mucajai, Rio Mucajai, 23 Mar 1971 (fl), Prance et al. 11186 (VEN).
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Distribution
Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and French Guiana. Mostly in varzea forest, but also in forest on terra firme, at altitudes up to 300 m (one collection made at 1850 m). Flowering from (March) July to December, fruiting throughout the year.
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