Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.
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Authority
Gentry, Alwyn H. 1992. Bignoniaceae--part II (Tribe Tecomeae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 25: 1-370. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Bignoniaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil. Piaui, Martius 2446 (holotype, G-DC; isotype, M).
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Synonyms
Tecoma impetiginosa Mart., Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb., Tabebuia palmeri Rose, Tecoma impetiginosa var. lepidota Bureau, Tecoma adenophylla Bureau & K.Schum., Gelseminum avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Tecoma ipe var. integra Sprague, Tecoma ipe var. integrifolia Hassl., Tecoma ipe f. leucotricha Hassl., Tecoma avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Speg., Tecoma avellanedae var. alba Lillo, Tecoma integra (Sprague) Hassl., Tabebuia nicaraguensis S.F.Blake, Tabebuia dugandii Standl., Tabebuia ipe var. integra (Sprague) Sandwith, Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Handroanthus impetiginosus var. lepidotus (Bureau) Mattos, Handroanthus avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Mattos, Tabebuia schunkevigoi D.R.Simpson
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Description
Species Description - Tree to 30 m tall, 70 cm dbh, the bark relatively smooth, grayish, slightly longitudinally furrowed; wood dark brown, dense, the vessels containing yellow powder (lapachol); twigs subterete, glabrescent, the apices mealy pubescent. Leaves palmately 5(-7) foliolate, frequently anisophyllous, the leaflets ovate to elliptic, acuminate, cuneate to rounded or almost subcordate at base, the terminal leaflet 5-19 cm long, 1.5-8 cm wide, the laterals progressively smaller, when mature entire or slightly and irregularly serrate in upper half (in juveniles often more conspicuously and regularly serrate), membranaceous to chartaceous, somewhat lepidote above and below, pubescent with simple or forked trichomes at least in the axils of the lateral nerves below, sometimes pubescent along the midvein or over whole surface below; terminal petiolule 1-4.2 cm long, the laterals progressively smaller, the petiole 4-13 cm long, lepidote and puberulous. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, usually more or less congested, the flowers in groups of three, the branches whitish or tan from the mealy pubescence of thick-stellate trichomes. Flowers with the calyx cupular, truncate or slightly 5-lobed, 4-6(-9) mm long, 3-6 mm wide, mealy pubescent with thick-stellate trichomes; corolla magenta, the throat yellow at anthesis, fading to purplish, tubular-campanulate, 4-7.5 cm long, 1.2-5 cm wide at mouth of tube, the tube 2.5-5 cm long, the lobes 0.9-2 cm long, puberulous outside, inside with a few scattered simple trichomes in the tube, glandular-pubescent at level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, the thecae divaricate, 2.5-3.5 mm long; ovary linear, 3-4 mm long, 1 mm wide, glabrous to lightly lepidote, the ovules ca. 4-seriate in each locule; disk cupuliform, 1-1.5 mm long, 2 mm wide. Fruit an elongate-cylindrical capsule, attenuate at both ends, 12-56 cm long, 1.3-2.6 cm wide, glabrous; seeds thin, bialate, 1-1.6 cm long, 3.4-8 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, conspicuously demarcated from the seed body.
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Discussion
As here interpreted this is one of four species with puberulous purple corollas. Of these, T. barbata is only distantly related, and newly described T. selachidentata has very different few-foliolate leaves with jaggedly serrate leaflets. Widespread T. impetiginosa is most closely related to T. heptaphylla, a species endemic to the mata atlantica of coastal Brazil and adjacent areas. None of the numerous names proposed for T. impetiginosa in different geographical regions seems worthy of specific recognition. The form from the cerrados (typical T. impetiginosa) has uniformly densely puberulous leaf undersurfaces and might be worthy of varietal recognition. However, the exact same pubescence type occurs as an occasional variant through much of the range of the species (e.g., in Mexico and Nicaragua) and there are intermediates as well. Therefore I have chosen not to formally distinguish the different densities of leaflet pubescence taxonomically. Should one wish to recognize glabrescent-leaved forms at varietal rank, a new combination based on Bureau’s Tecoma impetiginosa var. lepidota would be needed. A white-flowered form that occurs sporadically in northwest Argentina and is cultivated in Paraguay is sometimes recognized as var. alba but surely represents a form at most; probably all purple-flowered bignons have occasional white-flowered variants. In subtropical South America glabrate forms have been much confused with T. heptaphylla (where see discussion).
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Common Names
amapa, amapa prieta, amapa rosa, roble cinero, roble serrano, cañafistula, canafistula cimarrona, canafistula bofa, macuil, palo de cortez, rosa morada, ta-wi-yo, cortez colorado, cortez negro., cañaguate morado, roble morado, polvillo, araguaney poi, groenhart, ipe roxo, ipe rosa, ipe preto, pao d’arco, lapacho, lapacho rosado, taiiy pichai
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Distribution
Northwestern Mexico to northwestern Argentina; mostly in seasonally dry deciduous or semideciduous forest, also scattered through drier parts of Amazonia; sea level to 1400 m.
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