Sideroxylon excavatum T.D.Penn.
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Authority
Pennington, Terence D. 1990. Sapotaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 52: 1-750. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Sapotaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Mexico. Guerrero: 4 km W of Chilpancingo, track Chilpancingo to Omiltemi, 1620 m, May 1982 (fl, fr), Rodriguez & Martinez 20 (holotype, NY; isotypes, K, MEXU).
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Description
Latin Diagnosis - Frutex vel arbor parva; ramuli novelli pilis crispatis brunneis tomentosi, demum glabri, valde scabri, cicatricibus foliorum et inflorescentiarum delapsorum persistentibus, elenticellati. Planta non spinosa. Folia spiraliter disposita, ad apicem ramulorum congesta, 4.2-6.2 × 1.8-2.5 cm, elliptica, apice acuta vel obtusa, basi acuta vel anguste cuneata, chartacea, supra glabra, infra indumento crispato sparsim residuo vestita; venatio eucamptodroma usque brochidodroma; nervo marginali; costa plana vel pagina superiore leviter impressa; nervi secundarii 8-9-jugi, ascendentes, paralleli et leviter arcuati; nervi in-tersecundarii breves usque modice longi; nervi tertiarii reticulati. Petiolus 5-9 mm longus, non canaliculata, initio tomentosus. Fasciculi 2-5-flori; flores bisexuales, plerumque infra folia axillis foliorum delapsorum enati. Pedicellus ca. 1.5 mm longus, breviter tomentosus. Sepala 5, ca. 2.5 mm longa, late orbiculari-ovata, apice rotundata, extra breviter tomentosa, intra glabra. Corolla glabra, ca. 4 mm longa; tubus ca. 1.5 mm longus; lobi quinque; segmentum ir edium sub-orbiculare, segmenta lateralia lanceolata vel irregularia, 1.5-1.75 mm longa. Stamina quinque, tubo corollae ad apicem affixa, glabra; filamenta ca. 1.75 mm longa, antherae 0.75-1 mm longae, lanceolatae, in alabastro ventrifixae vel extrorsae. Staminodia quinque, ca. 1.5 mm longa, triangulari-ovata, breviter petiolata, leviter ero-sa, non involuta, glabra. Ovarium glabrum, supra sensim decrescens, quinque loculare, glabrum; stylus post anthesin ca. 1.5 mm longus, glaber; styli capitulum simplex. Fructus ca. 1.2 cm longus, ca. 0.6 cm latus, ellipsoideus, apice acutus, basi decrescens, laevis, glaber; pericarpium 0.5-1 mm crassum, camosum. Semen so-litarium, ca. 7.5 mm longum, ellipsoideum, leviter lateraliter compressum; testa dura, nitida, laevis, basi excavata, 0.3-1.5 mm crassa; cicatrix basalis, rotundata, ca. 0.75 mm diam.; embryo verticalis, cotyledonibus foliaceis tenuibus, ra-dicula ca. 1 mm exserta, albumine copioso circumdatum.
Species Description - Shrub or small tree; young branches tomentose with crisped brown hairs, becoming glabrous, grey, very rough, with persistent leaf and inflorescence scars, not lenticellate. Not spiny. Leaves spirally arranged, clustered at the branch tips, 4.2-6.2 × 1.8-2.5 cm, elliptic, apex acute or obtuse, base acute or narrowly cuneate, chartaceous, glabrous above, with sparse crisped residual indumentum below; venation eucamptodromous to brochidodromous, with a marginal vein; midrib flat or slightly sunken on the upper surface; secondary veins 8-9 pairs, ascending, parallel and slightly arcuate; intersecondaries short to moderately long; tertiaries reticulate. Petiole 5-9 mm long, not channelled, tomentose at first. Flowers bisexual, mostly below the leaves in the axils of leaf scars, in 2-5-flowered fascicles. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm long, shortly tomentose. Sepals five, ca. 2.5 mm long, broadly orbicular-ovate, apex rounded, shortly tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Corolla glabrous, ca. 4 mm long, tube ca. 1.5 mm long, lobes five; median segment suborbicular, lateral segments lanceolate or irregular, 1.5-1.75 mm long. Stamens five, fixed at the top of the corolla tube, glabrous; filaments ca. 1.75 mm long, anthers 0.75-1 mm long, lanceolate, ventrifixed and extrorse in bud. Staminodes five, ca. 1.5 mm long, triangular-ovate with a short stalk, slightly erose, not infolded, glabrous. Ovary slender, gradually tapered above, five-locular, glabrous; style ca. 1.5 mm long after anthesis, glabrous; style-head simple. Fruit ca. 1.2 cm long, ca. 0.6 cm broad, ellipsoid, apex acute, base tapered, smooth, glabrous; pericarp 0.5-1 mm thick, fleshy. Seed solitary, ca. 7.5 mm long, ellipsoid, slightly laterally compressed; testa hard, shining, smooth, hollowed at the base, 0.3-1.5 mm thick; scar basal, circular, ca. 0.75 mm diam.; embryo vertical, with thin foliaceous cotyledons and radicle exserted ca. 1 mm, surrounded by copious endosperm. Field characters. Shrub or small tree to 4 m high, with yellow flowers. The three known specimens were flowering in Mar, May and Oct, and the May flowering specimen also bears fruit.
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Distribution
Known only from Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico, in arid thorn forest or oak forest, over calcareous soil, altitude 1600-2000 metres.
Mexico North America| Guerrero Mexico North America| Oaxaca Mexico North America|