Banisteriopsis calcicola B.Gates

  • Authority

    Gates, Bronwen. 1982. Banisteriopsis, Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 30: 1-238. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Malpighiaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Banisteriopsis calcicola B.Gates

  • Type

    Type. Anderson 9198, Brazil, Minas Gerais, 22 km by road W of Januária, on road to Serra das Araras, fr (holotype, UB; isotypes, MICH, NY).

  • Description

    Latin Diagnosis - Frutex volubilis vel liana. Rami teretes, aureo-sericei, demum glabrati, cortice brunnea, lenticellis dispersis punctato. Stipulae usque 1 mm longae, lineares vel lanceolatae, sericeae. Folia opposita lamina (3.3-)5.0-10.8 cm longa, (1.6-)2.9-5.5 cm lata, in inflorescentia minori, elliptica vel in inflorescentia orbiculari, basi obtusa truncatave, apice acuta apiculatave, margine revoluta, subtus basi prope marginem 2-4 glandes stipitates 0.4-0.5 mm diametro, stipite 0.6-1.0 mm longo, in nervis lateralibus gerenti, supra breve velutina, pilis sessilibus, subtus laxe velutina vel tomentosa, pilis stipitatis, pede 0.15-0.30 mm longo, trabecula 0.30.6 mm longo, venis venulisque supra impressis, subtus prominentibus, petiolo 2-7 mm longo, sericeo, eglanduloso. Inflorescentia floribus in umbellis 4-floriferis fasciculatis, umbellis in cymis vel dichasiis dispositis, sericea; bracteis bracteolis-que 2.0-2.2 mm longis, anguste ovatis, abaxialiter sericeis, adaxialiter glabris, per anthesin caducis; pedicellis sessilibus, 11-14 mm longis, 0.8 mm diametro, 0.4-0.5 mm sine indumento, appresso-sericeis. Sepala 5, abaxialiter sericea, adaxialiter minute velutina, apice glabra, elliptica, apice rotunda et interdum revoluta; sepalum anticum 3.2-3.8 mm longum, 2.0-2.4 mm latum, 4 lateralia 3.8-4.4 mm longa, 2.5-3.8 mm lata, glandes 2.3-2.6 mm longas et 0.5-1.0 mm latas gerentia, glandes 1.5-1.8 mm superantia. Petala 5, rosea?, fimbriata, 4 lateralia inter sepala patentia, ungue 1.0-1.8 mm longo, 0.4-0.6 mm lato, limbo 7.5-8.5 mm longo, 6.5-8.0 mm lato, orbiculari, 2 anterioribus quam 2 posterioribus con-cavioribus; petalum posticum ungue erecto 2.8-3.4 mm longo, usque 1.2 mm diametro, apice constricto, limbo 4.5-6.5 mm longo, 3.5-5.0 mm lato, obovato, retroflexo, piano convexove, fimbriis basalibus glandulosis. Stamina 10, filamentis 1.5-4.2 mm longis, proximaliter connatis, 3 posterioribus flexuosis sed non inter stylos posticos inflexis; antherae loculis 0.6-1.2 mm longis, glabris, connectivis petalis oppositis 0.3-0.8 mm longis, 0.4-0.6 mm latis, 0.2-0.6 mm pro-fundis, non vel parum glandulosis, sepalis oppositis 0.5-1.9 mm longis, 0.4-1.0 mm latis, 0.3-1.0 mm profundis, 3 sepalis anterioribus oppositis glandulosis et dilatatis, illis 2 sepalis antero-lateralibus oppositis loculos 0.9-1.3 mm superantibus. Ovarium 1.0-1.2 mm altum, carpellis 3, uniovulatis, liberis, toro pyramidali adnatis, candido-sericeis; styli 3, aequales, 2.8-4.0 mm longi, recti parallelique, glabri, stylo antico 0.4-0.5 mm lato, stylis posticis 0.3 mm latis, stigmatibus capitatis. Fructus ex 3 samaris (vel abortu 1-2) constans; samara carpophoro usque 1.5 mm longo, 1.0 mm lato, nuce 7-9 mm alta, 6-8 mm longa, tuberculata vel manifeste alulata, alulis usque 10 mm aids, appresso-pubescenti, ala 20-33 mm longa, 10-15 mm lata, oblonga vel late oblonga, appresso-sericea, pilis sessilibus persistentibus, T-formibus, trabecula parum flexuosa 0.18-0.30 mm longa, hebetato-carmesina.

  • Discussion

    Collected in flower in January and May, and in fruit in March to May.

    Banisteriopsis calcicola is interesting in that it shares many characters with the B. campestris group, such as the form of its fruit and many aspects of its flower. However, B. calcicola is a vine, and has greatly enlarged connectives on the stamens opposite the antero-lateral sepals as in the B. muricata group, and the stalked lamina glands, long petioles and lateral winglets on the nut are characters found also in B. adenopoda. Thus B. calcicola shares characters with several other species.

    Banisteriopsis calcicola can be distinguished from B. campestris by its vining habit, its enlarged connectives on the antero-lateral sepals, stipitate leaf glands, caducous bracts, and prominent lateral wings on the fruit nut; it can be distinguished from B. adenopoda by its rugulose leaves, revolute leaf margins, straight styles, glabrous anther locules and dull red fruit-wing.

    Where adequate field data are available, B. calcicola appears to occur in association with limestone outcrops, which is the basis for my choice of specific epithet. It is interesting that the supposed occurrence in southern Minas Gerais is also from a limestone area.

  • Distribution

    Found only in northeastern Brazil, in association with limestone outcrops in northeastern Minas Gerais, Bahia, Piauí and Ceará, at forest margins or as a vine over trees in the cerrado, at altitudes of 500-650 m. One collection, Gounelle s.n., is supposedly from Caraça in Minas Gerais; it is possible that B. calcicola occurs rarely farther south in the Planalto.

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