Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart.

• Region

  South America

• Country

  Brazil

• State/Province

  Mato Grosso

• County/Municipio

  Barra do Garças Mun.

• Locality

  256 km along new road NNE of village of Xavantina (5.7 km due SW of Royal Society-Royal Geographic Society Base Camp.) Along main road

• Elevation

  Alt. 450 m. (1476 ft.)

• Coordinates

  -12.85, -51.75

• Distribution

  Map all specimens of this taxon

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FLORA OF BRAZIL
STATE OF MATO GROSSO
SERRA DO RONCADOR
Xylopia	(L* m.) M**t.
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Municipio de Barra do Gar gas: 256 km along new road NNE of
village of XAVANTINA. ( 5«7 km due SW of Royal Society-
Royal Geographic Society Base Camp. Base Camp is at 12°51’S. 51°45’W.)
Alt. ca. 450 m. Along main road*	6 Deo 1969
(Area of 10 km radius around Base Campáis situated ón crest of the Serra do
Roncador, a gently-sloped divide between xingu drainage (via Rio Suiá Migu)
to west and Araguáia drainage (via Rio das Mortes) to east. The yet undlssected
few-km wide crest Is flat or gently rolling with a few low lateritlc scarps and
ridges. Brook valleys with very gentle to moderately steep slopes. Base Camp
area is exactly at climatic boundary between Amazonian forest region and central
Brazil “cerrado” region (savanna sens. lat.). North-western half of area is covered
with the outer edge of the continuous Amazonian forest, here a .slightly semide-
clduous dry mesophytic forest 15-18 m tall on the upland, taller along the
seasonally dry brooks. Southeastern half of area has, on the upland, xeromorphic
semideciduous cerrado, in the form of medium-tall open scrub or tree-and-scrub
Woodland, with evergreen gallery forests 20-30 m tall along the permanent brooks.
Usually a band of seasonally marshy, grassy campo, a few meters to a few tens
of meters wide, borders the gallery forests, separating them from the cerrado,
but where the campo is lacking, the cerrado grades directly into gallery forest
through a narrow band of its arboreal form, “cerradSo”. The campos usually
have scattered circular groves of cerrado scrub several meters in diameter on
slightly raised soli, each with a termite mound. On the upland the cerrado region
grades into the continuous dry forest region through a few-km wide ecotone of
cerradSo. Underlying rock is various kinds of sandstone, giving rise to slightly
clayey fine-sandy deep latosols, sterile and reddish or yellowish-tan with almost
no humus on upland under cerrado, and dark red with more clay under dry
forest. In restricted areas under cerrado, small laterlte blocks or quartz pebbles
may form a thin permeable subsurface layer, or the upper soil layer may be
purely of laterlte pebbles. Valley soils are deep light gray fine sand with little
or no clay, sterile on drier upper slopes, black with humus in upper layer on
moister or soaking lower slopes and floors. Shales underlie soils in a few valleys*
At this date the Base Camp region has not yet been settled; the forests are virgin;
the cerrado and campo are uncut and ungrazed, but have been subjected to ground
fires set by Indians every 3-5. years. In the cerrado, these infrequent fires
temporarily reduce density of the lower shrubs but otherwise have no effect
on the physiognomy.)
Habitat of this n.°: in open cerradao*
Shrub 3 m tall*
one individual*
All specimensof this n® from
leg. George Eiten & Liene T. Eiten, n.° 9779
Distributed by the Instituto de Botánica, Sáo Paulo
00837593