Chlorochytrium inclusum Kjellm.
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Filed As
Chlorochytriaceae
Chlorochytrium inclusum Kjellm. -
Collector(s)
Collector unknown s.n.
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Location
Guam.
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Identifiers
NY Barcode: 02106012
Occurrence ID: 8a50fc34-558c-42ea-9da4-501cd390dd58
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Feedback
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Kingdom
Algae
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Division
Chlorophyta
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Class
Chlorophyceae
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Order
Chlamydomonadales
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Family
Chlorochytriaceae
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All Determinations
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Region
Oceania
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Country
Guam
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Georeferencing Method
Georeferencing Quick Reference Guide (Zermoglio et. Unable to georeference: more specific locality information needed.
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Distribution
1920] SeteheH-Gurdner: Chlorophyceae 149 on Iridaea from the west coast of Whidbey Island, Washington, shows small plants (40/1x80/*), broadly pyriform and with thick walls. It is to be referred provisionally to Chlorochytrium, but does not agree with Kjellman’s description. No. 514, of Collins, Holden and SetchelPs Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, shows large, thin walled cells, depressed vertically and measuring about 160/* by 240/a, seem- ingly a Chlorochytrium, but not in accord with the descriptions of either Kjellman or Freeman. The other references given by us, with the exception of Tilden’s no. 389, which is Freeman’s plant, are to be rejected. They are found to be based upon plants of the second type, which is probably Ckytridiaceous, possibly being near to Rhodo- chytrium. They are probably ? the so-called gland cells mentioned by Schmitz as occurring in Turnerella Mertensianat (P. and R.) Schmitz (1896, p. 372) and figured as occurring in Iridaea affinis P. and R. (Postels and Ruprecht, 1840, pi. 40, f. 93). We have selected for illustration (pi. 13, f. 1) plants occurring endophytic in Weeksia Fryeana Setchell collected by Gardner near Sitka, Alaska. These seem to correspond more nearly than any of our other speci- mens with the description and figures of Kjellman. PLATE 13 Chlorochytriwm inclusum, Kjellm. Fig. 1. A vertical section through the host, showing the penetration of the endophyte to the medulla. X 250. nisiER I PLATE 13 UNIV. CALIF. PUBL. BOT. VOL. 8 [ SETCHELL-GAnL' 1. Chlorochytrium inclusum Kjellm. - Plate 13, fig. 1 Cells in the vegetative condition, spherical or subspherical, entirely included within the host plant, at the time of the formation of the zoospores, slightly elongated, depressed conical, ampullaeform, ovoid or ellipsoid, at length exposed through the penetration of the cortical layer of the host by the apiculate tip, emitting the zoospores through an ostiole. Endophytic in the fronds of various membranaceous algae, e.g., Iridaea, Weeksia, Constantines, etc. Probably common along the coast from Sitka, Alaska, to Puget Sound, Washington. Kjellman, Alg. Arctic Sea, 1883, p. 320, pi. 31, f. 8-17; Setchell and Gardner, Alg. N.W. Amer., 1903, p. 206?; Collins, Green Alg. N. A., 1909, p. 147 (in part) ; Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer. (Exsicc.), no. 514?; Tilden, Amer. Alg. (Exsicc.), no. 389?. The description, given above, is a fairly literal translation of the Latin diagnosis of Kjellman, who adds certain details in his remarks. The original host is Dilsea integra (Kjellm.) Rosenv. (Sarcophyllis arctica Kjellm.). The cells of the Chlorochytrium are placed, in most 148 University of California Publications in Botany [Vol. 8 cases, near the surface of the host plant but sometimes occur in the middle layer. In vegetative condition the cells are from 80/x to 100/i in diameter, the cell wall is thin and of equal thickness throughout, while the chromatophore is thin and spread over the whole wall. The wall becomes thicker and apiculate at the outer end as the cell passes into the reproductive stages, the apiculate wall piercing the outer cortical tissues of the host. Kjellman states that the contents divide into a large number of closely packed zoospores which escape through an opening formed by the dissolution of the wall at the tip of the cell. These latter statements are evidently inferences because he distinctly says that he had only dried specimens for examination. In an authentic specimen of the host plant distributed by Kjell- man, young cells of the Chlorochytrium were found nearly spherical in shape, with uniformly thin walls, and with a chromatophore thin and dotted with numerous large pyrenoids. These cells are about 80/x in diameter. Upon examining various specimens referred to this species, the conclusion has been forced upon us that there is some variety of species and possibly even of genera among the Pacific Coast plants referred to Chlorochytrium inclusum and it seems practically demon- strated that no one of those accessible to us is clearly the plant of Kjellman. Very little can be accomplished from the study of dried specimens, but living specimens should be studied to obtain more exact informa- tion as to structure and development. Our present knowledge, even of the type, is so slight as to admit of little certainty, and Kjellman’s statements as to the formation and emission of “zoospores” need to be carefully verified. On reexamining the various specimens referred to this species from our coast, we are able to make only a few general statements. Freeman (1899, p. 186) describes a plant which he provisionally refers to Chlorochytrium inclusum, but he found only vegetative stages. It was endophytic in the blades of Constantinea subulifera Setchell. In the Algae of Northwestern America (1903, p. 206), we referred several specimens to the same species. Of these we may dis- tinguish, at least, two very different kinds of endophytes. The first kind includes what are probably species of Chlorochytrium, possessing a single chromatophore with numerous starch centers, while the second is made up of plants seemingly possessing neither chromatophores nor chlorophyll and certainly devoid of starch. No. 290, N. L. Gardner,
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Chlorochytrium inclusum Kjellm.