Eschweilera parvifolia Mart. ex DC.
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Authority
Mori, S. A. & Prance, Ghillean T. 1990. Lecythidaceae - Part II: The zygomorphic-flowered New World genera (Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, & Lecythis). With a study of secondary xylem of Neotropical Lecythidaceae by Carl de Zeeuw. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-376. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Lecythidaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil. Without locality, no date (fr), Martius s. n. (lectotype, M, here designated, photo NY; isolectotype, M).
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Synonyms
Lecythis elegans O.Berg, Eschweilera elegans (O.Berg) Miers, Lecythis chaffanjonii Benoist, Eschweilera chaffanjonii (Benoist) R.Knuth, Eschweilera iquitosensis R.Knuth, Eschweilera timbuchensis R.Knuth, Eschweilera krukovii A.C.Sm., Eschweilera lancifolia Cuatrec.
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Description
Description - Small to medium-sized trees, infrequently to 30 m. Bark dark gray, the slash pink to reddish. Leaf blades usually ovate to narrowly ovate, sometimes elliptic, 7-14(-20) x 3.5-6.5 cm, completely glabrous or puberulous on lower abaxial midrib, usually without punctae, coriaceous, with 7-9 pairs of lateral veins; apex acute to acuminate; base obtuse to rounded; margins entire; petiole 7-15 mm long, glabrous to puberulous. Inflorescences terminal, axillary, or ramiflorous, racemose, usually unbranched, infrequently once-branched, the principal rachis 114 cm long, puberulous, the pedicel 7-12(-20) mm long, glabrous to puberulous. Flowers ca. 3 cm diam.; calyx with six lobes, the lobes very widely ovate to ovate, 2.5-4.5 x 1.6-3.7 mm, horizontally oriented to ascending, not or slightly imbricate, convex to carinate abaxially, sometimes gibbous; petals six, widely to narrowly obovate, 12-27 x 8-15 mm, usually white, sometimes light yellow; hood of androecium 11-15 x 12-17 mm, always with double coil, sometimes with incipient third coil; staminal ring asymmetric, with 170-324 stamens, the filaments slender, equal diameter throughout, 1-1.5 mm long, the anthers 0.5 mm long; hypanthium tapered into well-defined pedicel; ovary 2-locular, with 5-7 basally attached ovules, the summit slightly elevated to 0.5 mm, the style thick, well-differentiated from summit, often geniculate, 2-2.5 mm long. Fruits unknown at maturity, turbinate, tapered into persistent woody pedicel, the calycine ring inserted near opercular opening, often prominent; operculum umbonate. Seeds with lateral aril.
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Discussion
Eschweilera parvifolia is characterized by its mediium-sized, ovate to narrowly ovate, coriaceous leaf blades with 7-9 pairs of lateral veins; ovary with a well-defined, often geniculate style 2-2.5 mm long; and relatively small turbinate fruits. It is morphologically similar to Eschweilera ovata of eastern coastal Brazil and eastern Amazonia which is usually found in non-inundated forests in contrast to the preference of E. parvifolia for periodically flooded habitats.
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Common Names
cravinho da beira da agua , Matamatá, Machimango, machinpuro, coco de mono
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Distribution
Eschweilera parvifolia is usually found as a small tree of periodically flooded black and white water forests. It is widespread throughout central and western Amazonia. Most flowering collections have been made from May to Sep. Peak flowering of plants growing along thte Solimões River is from Jun to Aug which coincides with high water levels on this river.
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