Manihot glaziovii Müll.Arg.
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Authority
Rogers, David J. & Appan, S. G. 1973. Manibot, Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 13: 1-272. 1 chart. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Euphorbiaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
TYPE. Glaziou 1022. Brasil, Rio de Janeiro: near Rio de Janeiro, cultivated (syntypes, photo at F, G).
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Description
Description - Tall shrubs to trees, to 10.0 m tall, trunks at base 20.0-30.0 cm in diam, with copious latex. Young stems and mature stems glabrous, the former often with a light bluish bloom. Leaves alternate; stipules caducous; petioles usually ca 20.0 cm long, occasionally as long as 45.0 cm, terete, glabrous, petiole attachment to lamina widely peltate, width between basal edge of lamina and petiole-midrib junction 1.0-3.0 cm; lamina membranaceous to coriaceous, abaxial surface wax pattern reticulate, abaxial surface with a bluish white bloom; venation camptodromous, veins glabrous; palmately 3 lobed, rarely 5; median lobes obovate, entire, never pandurate, ca 15.0 cm long, ca 7.0 cm wide, sometimes as long as 25.0 cm and as wide as 10.0 cm, apex obtuse to broadly acute, base of lobes 1.0-2.0 cm wide, width between base of sinus and petiole-midrib junction 1.0-3.0 cm, lamina at sinus usually overlapping; lowest lobes prominently nonsymmetric and curved up. Inflorescence a monoecious, terminal, large, profusely branched, many flowered panicle, ca 30.0 cm long, all parts glabrous and with a light bluish bloom; bracteoles setaceous, ca 0.5 cm long, less than 0.25 cm wide, margins dentate; bracteoles setaceous, margins dentate. Pistillate flowers restricted to the base of the upper 2/3 of the inflorescence; pedicels ca 2.0 cm long; flowers large; tepal 1.5 cm long, greenish yellow with purplish tinge, cleft to base into 5 strap shaped lobes; disc prominent; ovary subglobose; the trifid stigma well lobed and lobulate. Staminate buds ovoid-ellipsoid to slightly conical; flowers large, tepal 1.5 cm long, greenish yellow with purplish pigmentation, cleft 1/3 way down into 5 lobes; disc prominent; stamens 10, in 2 whorls of 5 each. Capsules ca 2.0 cm long, surface without wings, apex rounded, dehiscence septicidal. Seeds 1.5 cm long, rounded, caruncle trapeziform.
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Discussion
USES. Commercial production of latex, and as an ornamental. In those parts of West Africa (i e Zaire) where the habit of eating many different species for vegetable greens is common, Manihot glaziovii is more frequently used for this purpose than for the extraction of latex (personal observation). Manihot glaziovii has been used in breeding work in Africa to provide resistance to mosaic virus disease in M. esculenta with some success (Jennings, 1957; Nichols, 1947; Storey and Nichols, 1938).
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Common Names
Caucho, caucho bianco, Ceara rubber, Ceara India rubber, guamaro, maniçba, Maniva, mpira
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Distribution
(Fig 82A). Native range. Brasil, states of Ceara, Paraiba, Pernambuco, and Bahia. Alt to ca 750 m. Cultivated in the following countries: USA, state of Hawaii; Mexico; Guatemala, Honduras; El Salvador; Costa Rica; West Indies; Venezuela; Trinidad and Tobago; Brasil; Bolivia; Belgian Congo (presently named Zaire); Uganda; Tanganyika; Ceylon; Laos; Malaysia; India; Philippines; Indonesia and Samoa.
Brazil South America| Ceará Brazil South America| Paraíba Brazil South America| Pernambuco Brazil South America| United States of America North America| Hawaii United States of America North America| Mexico North America| Jalisco Mexico North America| Guatemala Central America| Alta Verapaz Guatemala Central America| Santa Rosa Guatemala Central America| Honduras Central America| Francisco Morazán Honduras Central America| El Salvador Central America| La Libertad El Salvador Central America| Santa Ana El Salvador Central America| Costa Rica South America| Cuba South America| Haiti South America| Saint Thomas Virgin Islands of the United States South America| Guadeloupe South America| Martinique South America| Falcón Venezuela South America| Venezuela South America| Aragua Venezuela South America| Distrito Federal Venezuela South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America| Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Cochabamba Bolivia South America| Uganda Africa| Ceylon Asia| Laos Asia| Malaysia Asia| Philippines Asia| Indonesia Asia| Samoa Oceania|