Cyrto-hypnum minutulum (Hedw.) W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum
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Authority
Buck, William R. 1998. Pleurocarpous mosses of the West Indies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 82: 1-400.
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Family
Thuidiaceae
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Scientific Name
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Description
Species Description - Plants small and slender, in typically stiff, dull, green to golden, often dense mats. Stems creeping, to ca. 5 cm long, weakly or rarely regularly 2-pinnate, not frondose; in cross-section with 4-5 rows of small thick-walled cells surrounding larger thinner-walled cells, central strand small, of small cells; paraphyllia moderately abundant on stems, few on primary branches, none on secondary branches, filamentous, uniseriate, unbranched, 2-3(-5) cells long, the cells often rectangular, ca. 2:1, sometimes ± quadrate, usually only the distal cell papillose, the subtending ones rarely so, the distal cell truncate; pseudoparaphyllia foliose, the margins regularly serrulate, cells pluripapillose; axillary hairs usually with a single short-rectangular brown basal cell and a single elongate hyaline distal cell. Stem and branch leaves strongly differentiated, stem leaves erect and incurved when dry, wide-spreading when moist, broadly ovate, 0.3-0.45(-0.55) mm long, ± abruptly shortly and broadly acuminate, concave, obscurely plicate, subauriculate; margins crenulate-papillose throughout, narrowly recurved below; costa single, broad, ending ca. 4/5 the leaf length, papillose at back; cells ± quadrate, pluripapillose on both surfaces, the papillae arranged around the periphery of the lumina, firm-walled; alar cells not differentiated. Secondary branch leaves erect and incurved when dry, erect-spreading to spreading when moist, ovate, 0.15-0.25 mm long, mostly acute, concave, not plicate, short-decurrent; margins regularly crenulate-papillose, plane; costa single, ending ca. 3/4 the leaf length, apical portion often covered with quadrate cells, usually projecting as a low crest; cells quadrate, pluripapillose on both surfaces, the papillae arranged around the periphery of the lumina, firm-walled, 6-8 µm wide; alar cells not differentiated. Asexual propagula none. Autoicous. Perichaetia conspicuous; leaves erect, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.3 mm long, subulate; margins serrulate above, subentire below, not ciliate, plane; costa single, strong, filling the acumen; cells long-rectangular, ca. 5:1, smooth, firm-walled, becoming somewhat shorter toward the insertion. Setae elongate, slender, smooth, orange, (0.7-) 1.2-2 cm long; capsules inclined to horizontal, short-cylindric, 0.8-1.5 mm long, exothecial cells quadrate to short-rectangular, firm-walled; annulus of 2-3 rows of narrowly rectangular, firm-walled cells; operculum obliquely rostrate; exostome teeth yellow to yellow-brown, shouldered, bordered, on the front surface cross-striolate below, becoming papillose and then coarsely papillose above, trabeculate at back; endostome mostly with a high, smooth basal membrane, segments papillose, keeled, narrowly perforate, ca. as long as the teeth, cilia papillose, in groups of 1-2(-3). Spores spherical, finely papillose, 8.5-14 µm diam. Calyptrae cucullate, naked, slightly roughened above.
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Discussion
3. Cyrto-hypnum minutulum (Hedw.) W. R. Buck & H. A. Crum, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 66. 1990; Hypnum minutulum Hedw., Sp. Muse. Frond. 260. 1801; Stereodon minutulus (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 824. 1827, comb, inval; Thuidium minutulum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & W. Gümbel, Bryol. Eur. 5(fasc. 49/51, Monogr. 1): 161. 1852; Microthuidium minutulum (Hedw.) Warnst., Krypt.-Fl. Brandenburg 2: 677. 1905. Plate 75, figures 12-21 Hypnum eccremocarpum Müll. Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 495. 1851; Thuidium eccremocarpum (Müll. Hal.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 577. 1869. Thuidium exasperatum Mitt., Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 576. 1869. Thuidium wrightii A. Jaeger, Ber. Thãtigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1876-77: 249. 1878. Discussion. Cvrto-hxpnum minutulum is recognized by the weakly bipinnate plants and smooth setae. It is the most common bipinnate Cyrto-hypnum in the Greater Antilles and grows in all kinds of habitats.
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Distribution
Range. Eastern North America, Mexico to northern South America, Europe; Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico; growing over old wood, bases of trees, and limestone, in mesic to humid hardwood forests, from near sea level to ca. 2000 m, probably most common at 500-1000 m.
North America| Mexico North America| Central America| Brazil South America| Colombia South America| Ecuador South America| French Guiana South America| Guyana South America| Peru South America| Suriname South America| Venezuela South America| Europe| Bermuda South America| Cuba South America| Jamaica South America| Haiti South America| Dominican Republic South America| Puerto Rico South America|