Terminalia glabrescens Mart.

  • Authority

    Stace, C. A. & Alwan, A.-R A. 2010. Combretaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 107: 1-369. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Combretaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Terminalia glabrescens Mart.

  • Type

    Type. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Broca, prov. Sebastianopol., Jul-Aug 1833, Luschnath s.n. (holotype, BR; isotypes, LE, M, P).

  • Synonyms

    Myrobalanus glabrescens Kuntze, Chuncoa brasiliensis Cambess., Terminalia brasiliensis (Cambess. ex A.St.-Hil.) Eichler, Myrobalanus cambessedesii Kuntze, Chuncoa flavescens C.Presl, Terminalia excelsa Liebm.

  • Description

    Species Description - Deciduous shrub or tree 2.5-30 m. Leaves 3.5-16 × 1.5-7 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, usually obovate, less often obovate-oblong or -elliptic or narrowly so, rounded to acute or abruptly and shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate to attenuate-cuneate at base, tomentose when young, later glabrous to sparsely pubescent except sparsely to densely pubescent on main veins adaxially, pubescent to densely so abaxially (more densely on main veins) sometimes becoming subglabrous by fruiting, sometimes remaining densely pubescent until next crop of flowers and leaves appear; pocket-shaped or bow -shaped domatia present in secondary veinaxils. Venation eucamptodromous or sometimes eucamptodromous-brochidodromous; midvein moderate, prominent; secondary veins 5-8 pairs, moderately spaced to distant, originating at moderately acute angles, curved, prominent; intersecondary veins usually absent; tertiary veins closely and very regularly and conspicuously percurrent; higher order veins usually distinct; areolation imperfect, usua11y not prominent. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, biglandular at junction with leaf. Inflorescences 5-18 cm, simple with all flowers bisexual; peduncle 1-2.5 cm, pubes cent to tomentose; rhachis 4-18 cm, pubescent to tomentose. Flowers pentamerous, 4-5 × 3-4.5 mm; lower hypanthium 1.8-3 mm, tomentose; upper hypanthium 0.5-1 mm, shallowly campanulate to shallowly infundibuliform, appressed- to patent-pubescent or densely so; calyx lobes 0.3-1 mm, pubescent as upper hypanthium, suberect to patent; disk densely pilose; stamens 2.5-4.5 mm; style 3-4 mm, glabrous. Fruits numerous, disposed along whole length of rhachis, 0.4-0.6 × 1-2.2 cm, usually yellowish brown to pale brown, otherwise as in T. amazonia.

  • Discussion

    Reproductive biology. Flowers cream-colored, green, greenish with yellow anthers, yellow, yellow-green, creamish green; protogynous. Flowering June to September; fruiting August to December.

    Chromosome numbers. This species was counted with 2n = 36 (Gibbs & Ingram, 1982) in material from São Paulo, Brazil.

    Uses. None noted, but taller specimens must produce useful timber, cf. Terminalia amazonia and T. actinophylla.

    Illustrations. Figs. lOd (epidermis), 91b (If), 92b (fr), 93 (portrait). Eichler (1867), pi. 24, pi. 33 (fr) (as T. brasiliensis)-, Marquete Ferreira da Silva (1984) p. 101; Marquete Ferreira da Silva & Valente (1996) fr, p. 40; Marquete Ferreira da Silva & Valente (2003) p. 169.

    Terminalia glabrescens is very distinct from all other species except T. amazonia, from which it differs in the less strongly obovate, more densely pubescent (comparing leaves at the same stage of maturity), less strongly acuminate leaves with more secondary veins, more densely pubescent inflorescences at anthesis, and darker yellowish brown fruits. They might be better as subspecies.

    Distribution and Ecology: (Fig. 88). Forests and cerrado; gallery forests, evergreen, semi-deciduous or deciduous forests, humid forests, river margins, arvore tipica do cerrado; on sand, clay, or limestone; at 170-1400 m. Mainly eastern and central Brazil, north to Maranhão, south to Parana (23.6° S) and central Paraguay (24°09' S), west to eastern Bolivia. Some specimen s of St. Hilaire 873 and 875 in P are labeled Rio Grande do Sul and suggest that the species reaches further south to that state, but this is not indicated by Marquete Ferreira da Silva (1984), who also gave several extra specific sites in Rio de Janeiro. Marquete Ferreira da Silva and Valente (1996) also recorded it for Tocantins.

  • Common Names

    Capitão garrote, capitão de mata, Mirindiba, piqui-doce, pao de sangue, Maria preta, cabo de janlar, almendoeira da mata

  • Distribution

    São Paulo Brazil South America| Paraíba Brazil South America| Tocantins Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Distrito Federal Brazil South America| Goiás Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Pernambuco Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Ceará Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Brazil South America| Santa Cruz Bolivia South America| Amambay Paraguay South America| Canindeyú Paraguay South America| Concepción Paraguay South America|