Socratea hecatonandra (Dugand) R.Bernal
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Authority
Henderson, A. 1990. Arecaceae. Part I. Introduction and the Iriarteinae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 53: 1-100. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Arecaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Colombia. Valle: Río Calima, La Trojita, 5-50 m, 19 Feb-10 Mar 1944 (fl, fr), Cuatrecasas 16719 (holotype, COL; isotype, MO)
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Synonyms
Metasocratea hecatonandra Dugand
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Description
Species Description - Stem to 20 m tall, 15-30 cm in diam. at base, 13-18 cm in diam. at apex, gray, smooth; stilt roots ca. 20, diagonal, terete, forming a cone 12 m long, 2 m x 6 cm, black, spiny. Leaves to seven, spreading; sheaths forming a crownshaft, 1.5-2.8 m long, gray-green, densely covered with deciduous tomentum; petiole terete, 30-55 x 2.2-3.2 cm, gray, densely covered with strongly appressed, gray trichomes; rachis ridged adaxially, rounded abaxially, 2-4 m long, densely brown-tomentose adaxially, abaxially with similar trichomes to those of petiole; pinnae 21-25 per side of rachis, alternate to sub-opposite, asymmetrically cuneate, to 90 cm long and 20 cm wide at mid-point, the margins entire except for praemorse apex, green and glabrous adaxially, densely brown-tomentose and brown abaxially especially on veins, with lines below up to 3 mm wide of dense white tomentum parallel to veins; pinnae split to the base into segments, the proximal ones of a pinna erect and stiff and pointing upwards, the distal one stiff and pointing down, others intermediate, appearing from a distance in four planes; proximal pinna to 35 cm long and 4 cm wide at mid-point; middle pinnae split into as many as six segments, the proximal one up to 90 cm long and 7 cm wide at mid-point, the distal one up to 70 cm long and 3 cm wide at midpoint, the middle ones intermediate; apical pinna entire, flabellate, deeply notched, up to 20 cm long and 8 cm wide at mid-point; veins yellow, prominent abaxially. Inflorescence to 90 cm long; peduncle dorsiventrally compressed, up to 41 cm long, 4-5 cm in diam., densely covered with caducous, long, loose, intertwined, white trichomes; prophyll erect, persistent, tubular, bicarinate, splitting apically, to 20 cm long; peduncular bracts three, inserted 2-3 cm apart, the first to 35 cm long and similar to the prophyll, the second and third oval in cross-section, to 75 cm long, with a ca. 5 cm acute, non-splitting apex, splitting abaxially longitudinally, with several incomplete or vestigial bracts above; prophyll and peduncular bracts coriaceous, densely tomentose at first on outside; rachis to 28 cm long, with similar trichomes to peduncle; rachillae 7-12, spirally arranged, pendulous, terete, up to 80 cm long, 7-8 mm in diam. at mid-point at anthesis (dry), 9-12 mm in diam. at mid-point in fruit (dry), subtended by a low bract, not densely wrinkled between scars when dry, with similar trichomes to those of peduncle; triads spirally arranged, surrounded by a low bract; flowers proximally in triads, for distal ca. 5 cm staminate in pairs or solitary, cream colored; sta-minate flowers to 2 cm long, very shortly pedicellate especially on distal parts of rachillae; sepals spreading, ovate, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide at base; petals valvate, triangular but irregularly shaped, fleshy, 12-17 mm long, 13-15 mm wide at base, stamens (77-)120(-145) (more numerous in proximal flowers, less in distal); filaments 1-2 mm long; anthers basifixed, latrorse, 6-7 mm long; pistillode minute or absent; pollen with scabrate, non-spiny exine; pistillate flowers 10 mm long; sepals imbricate, ciliate, blunt at apex, 8 x 1.0-1.3 mm; petals imbricate, similar to sepals; ovary 10 mm long, trilocular; stigmas sessile, recurved at anthesis, 1 mm long; fruit ellipsoid, rostrate, 4-5 x 2-2.5 cm, the stigmatic scar apical; epicarp yellowish-green, splitting irregularly from apex at maturity; mesocarp 1 mm diam.; endocarp very thin; seed obovate, often misshapen, basally attached, 3-5 x 2 cm; raphe anastomosing; hilum rounded; embryo apical.
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Discussion
This species is most morphologically similar to the two other rostrate-fruited species of Socratea, S. montana and S. rostrata. The most obvious difference is in its non-spiny pollen grain exine.
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Common Names
Crespa
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Distribution
Chocó region of western Colombia and Ecuador in lowland rainforest from sea level to 750 m (Fig. 31).
Colombia South America| Chocó Colombia South America| Valle Colombia South America| Ecuador South America| Los Ríos Ecuador South America| Pichincha Ecuador South America|