Duguetia surinamensis R.E.Fr.

  • Authority

    Maas, Paulus J. M., et al. 2003. (Annonaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 88: 1-274 pp. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Annonaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Duguetia surinamensis R.E.Fr.

  • Type

    Type: Suriname. Brownsberg, tree nr. 1233, 29 May 1925 (fl), BW 6883 (holotype, U; isotypes, BM, S).

  • Synonyms

    Duguetia caudata R.E.Fr.

  • Description

    Species Description - Tree or rarely a shrub, (1.5-) 10-30 m tall, to 40(-75) cm in diam. Young twigs and petioles totally covered with pale brown, stellate (the smaller ones) to subentire (the larger ones) scales 0.2-0.4 mm in diam. Petioles 3-10 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diam. Lamina narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 8-19 cm long, 2-5(-6) cm wide, leaf index 2.5-4(-5), chartaceous, grey, greyish black, or blackish brown, slightly shiny above, brown, brownish black, or greyish below, glabrous above, sparsely or sometimes rather densely covered with stellate (the smaller ones) to subentire (the larger ones) scales 0.1-0.5 mm in diam. below, base attenuate to acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long) to acute, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins curved, 10-16 on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, angles with primary vein 60-70°, loop-forming at acute to obtuse angles, loops distinct, smallest distance between loops and margin 4-6(-7) mm, tertiary veins slightly raised above. Inflorescences among leaves, or on older branchlets, leaf-opposed or supra-axillary, sometimes at or near the base of a lateral shoot, exceptionally axillary by reduction of lateral shoot, a single rhipidium or composed of 2-several rhipidia and/or sometimes becoming (much) ramified at last. Rhipidia 1-4-flowered, to about 10 flowers in succession. Indument: peduncles, pedicels, and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals totally to densely covered with stellate scales 0.1-0.4 mm in diam., inner side of sepals and petals totally to densely covered with stellate hairs and scales 0.1-0.3 mm in diam., inner, basal 1/5 of inner petals glabrous. Peduncle 2 mm long, 2 mm in diam., fruiting peduncle to 5 mm long, to 4 mm in diam. Sympodial rachis to 10 mm long. Pedicels 10-20 mm long, 1 mm in diam., fruiting pedicels 20-30 mm long, 5-15 mm in diam. Upper bract at 1/3 to 2/3 of base of pedicel, depressed ovate, 2-3 mm long. Flower buds ovoid to depressed globose, slightly to distinctly 3-ridged by recurved edges of the sepals. Flowers creamy yellow, maturing dull red in vivo. Sepals connate up to 10%, broadly triangular to triangular, 10-20(-25) mm long, 8-12 mm wide, acute. Petals subequal, ovate-triangular to obovate-rhombic, 15-30 mm long, 6-15 mm wide, acute, inner base of inner petals callose, strongly grooved. Stamens 1-3 mm long, pinkish red, apex of connective discoid, distinctly umbonate, 0.3-0.4 x 0.5-0.8 mm, densely covered with simple hairs <0.1 mm long. Carpels 2.5-3.5 mm long, ovary densely covered with stellate hairs, stigma sparsely to densely covered with simple, furcate, to stellate hairs to 0.4 mm long, or glabrous. Fruit brown, probably red in vivo when mature, globose to subglobose, 7-12 cm in diam., basal collar composed of 15-17 connate, sterile carpels, 15-30 mm in diam., protruding below the fruit, fertile carpels 125-200, obovoid to obtrulloid, 16-35 mm long, 6-15 mm in diam., fused for 25-50%, areoles depressed ovoid, 2-8 mm high, obtuse, apiculate (apicule sharp-pointed, 3-5 mm long, breaking off and areoles becoming obtuse with age), slightly 5-6-ribbed, slightly wrinkled, densely covered with a velutinous, brown indument of stellate hairs to 0.1 mm in diam. Seeds obovoid, 11-17 mm long, 5-9 mm in diam., rounded to obtuse, dark brown, shiny.

  • Discussion

    In S Guyana the bark is used against snake bites (Staffers et al. 327). Wood is used in S Guyana for ax handles and bows (Jansen-Jacobs et al 377).

    Duguetia surinamensis includes some of the largest trees known in the genus, reaching a height of up to 30 m. It is well marked by small leaves drying greyish or black, the red flowers, and a very large, red fruit of up to 12 cm in diam. The species is probably closest to D. tuberculata; UPGMA analysis places the two species in the same cluster (Fig. 37, 3rd cluster).

    Lisboa 1311 (INPA, MG, NY) from Tucurui, Pará, Brazil is rather exceptional, being a shrub of 1.5 m high only, and growing in a white sand savanna.

    Three collections from Brazil (Nelson et al. 531, M. G. Silva & Rosário 5286, and N. T. Silva 2890\ as marked with an asterisk above) have leaves larger than average in D. surinamensis, up to 22 x 7.5 cm.

  • Common Names

    Araticum, Ata braba, Ata brava, Biribarana, Envira, Envira amargosa, Envira de porco, Envira surucucu, Envireira, Surucucu, Yaya fina, Inámupíta, Maman yawé piment, Mítúluway, Pina’isí, Witay, Black jari-jari, Tortuga caspi, Gele bast jaiijari, Kajediballi, Panta, Zuurzak

  • Distribution

    Colombia (Santander), Amazonian Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil, and the Guianas. In non-inundated forest, (few collections from periodically-inundated forest); often on lateritic, clayey soil. At elevations from sea level up to 850 m. Flowering throughout the year, fruiting mainly from August to March. Flowers are reported to have a strong smell or a slightly sweet aroma. Red fruit was observed once in Nouragues, French Guiana (Ir. T. Rijkers, Wageningen, pers. comm.).

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