Duguetia marcgraviana Mart.

Authority

Maas, Paulus J. M., et al. 2003. (Annonaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 88: 1-274 pp. (Published by NYBG Press)

Family

Annonaceae

Scientific Name

Duguetia marcgraviana Mart.

Type

Type: Brazil. Mato Grosso: location unknown ( in locis tempore pluvioso inundatis pr. Mato-Grosso ), Feb 1828 (st), Riedel 1471 (lectotype, LE, designated by He and Maas (1993); isolectotypes, BR, LE, NY, S).

Synonyms

Aberemoa marcgraviana (Mart.) R.E.Fr., Duguetia sanctae-crucis S.Moore, Aberemoa sanctae-crucis (S.Moore) R.E.Fr., Aberemoa brevipedunculata R.E.Fr., Duguetia brevipedunculata (R.E.Fr.) R.E.Fr.

Description

Species Description - Tree or rarely a shrub, 3-25 m tall, 5-45(-70) cm in diam. Young twigs and petioles totally covered with pale brown, stellate scales 0.1-0.3 mm in diam. Petioles 3-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diam. Lamina narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic (to elliptic), 10-23 cm long, 3-6.5 cm wide, leaf index 2.7-4.5, coriaceous, pale to dark green, slightly shiny above, pale greyish green below, sparsely to rather densely covered with 5-8(-12)-rayed, stellate hairs 0.2-0.5 mm in diam. above, glabrous with age, densely covered with pale brown and whitish, stellate scales 0.1-0.4 mm in diam. below, base acute to obtuse, apex acute (to slightly acuminate), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins curved, (10-) 13-18(-22) on either side of primary vein, slightly raised above, angles with primary vein (45-) 50-65(-75)°, loop-forming at right angles, loops indistinct, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-5(-7) mm, tertiary veins slightly raised above. Inflorescences among leaves, leaf-opposed, or supra-axillary, 1-3-flowered. Indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals totally covered with pale brown, stellate scales 0.3-0.7 mm in diam., inner side of sepals and petals totally covered with whitish, stellate hairs 0.2-0.7 mm in diam., inner base of sepals and petals glabrous. Peduncle 1-2 mm long. Pedicels 5-30 mm long, 1-3 mm in diam., fruiting pedicels to 30(-50) mm long, 6 mm in diam. Upper bract at 1/3 to 2/3 of base of pedicel, broadly ovate, 2-3 mm long, semiamplexicaul. Flower buds broadly ovoid, acute to rounded. Flowers creamy yellow in vivo, inner base of petals red, petals maturing completely red. Sepals connate for 15-20%, broadly to very broadly ovate (-deltate), 11-19 mm long, 10-16 mm wide, acute (to obtuse). Petals subequal, rhombic-obovate to spathulate, (15-)20-35(-45) mm long, (8-)10-15(-17) mm wide, acute, inner base of inner petals callose, distinctly grooved. Stamens 0.9-1.4 mm long, yellow or pink, apex of connective shallowly pyramidal, 0.2-0.3 x 0.4-0.5 mm, densely covered with simple hairs. Carpels 4-6 mm long, ovary totally covered with stellate hairs, stigma densely so. Fruit green, maturing brown to red in vivo, broadly ovoid to globose, 4-5 cm in diam. (but see observations below), basal collar composed of 14-20 connate, sterile carpels, 10-20 mm in diam., slightly protruding below the fruit, fertile carpels 200-350, obovoid to obtrulloid, 15-27 mm long, 6-9 mm in diam., fused for 60-85%, areoles shallowly ovoid-pyramidal, 4-5 mm high, obtuse, apiculate (apicule curved, 1.5-2.5 mm long), distinctly and prominently ribbed, verrucose, densely covered with stellate hairs to 0.1 mm in diam. Seeds narrowly ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 15-22 mm long, 6-10 mm in diam., acute, pale to dark brown, dull.

Discussion

Fruit edible (Bolivia; Brazil, possibly : see observations about fruit under the heading “Distribution” above). Duguetia marcgraviana, according to He and Maas (1993), is closest to D. lepidota and D. echinophora, and can easily be confused with either of them. The species are most clearly distinct in fruit, D. echinophora having strongly grooved and ridged carpels, and D. lepidota having so-called mushroom-shaped carpels (see Fig 11). In flowering stage the three species are rather difficult to distinguish from each other, although inflorescences in D. lepidota generally produce more-flowers than in the other two species. Vegetatively D. echinophora can still be recognized by a glabrous upper leaf side, whereas in D. marcgraviana and D. lepidota stellate hairs are present there. The latter two species, therefore, are not or hardly distinguishable in sterile condition. UPGMA analysis also brings the three species close together (Fig. 37, 3rd cluster).

Distribution and Ecology: The Brazilian states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Piauí, Rondônia, and rarely to S Pará and SW Maranhão, the Bolivian state of Santa Cruz, and possibly in Cuzco, Peru (see discussion). In non-inundated or rarely periodically-inundated forest, or in cerrados, often in transition zone between cerrado and forest. At elevations up to 900 m. Flowering and fruiting mainly from June to January. Fruit to 250-400 grams in weight (F. C. Hoehne 549). According to Venturieri & Menezes 18 the ripe fruit is pink, up to 13.5 x 10.5 cm, with 20-51 seeds, yellow pulp and with the taste of caqui (khaki ?).

Common Names

Chirimoya, Araticum, Articum, biriba, Cundurú, Envira biribá, Meijoí

Distribution

Brazil South America| Goiás Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Piauí Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Santa Cruz Bolivia South America|