Duguetia furfuracea (A.St.-Hil.) Saff.

Authority

Maas, Paulus J. M., et al. 2003. (Annonaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 88: 1-274 pp. (Published by NYBG Press)

Family

Annonaceae

Scientific Name

Duguetia furfuracea (A.St.-Hil.) Saff.

Type

Type: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Olha d Agua, Rio Francisco ( campos près Olho d agoa dans le certão de Rio de S. Francisco ) (fl), A. de Saint Hilaire s.n. (holotype, P, 3 sheets; isotypes, F, G, K, NY, P).

Synonyms

Duguetia coriacea Sond., Aberemoa furfuracea var. jonasiana Barb.Rodr., Aberemoa jonasiana R.E.Fr., Duguetia jonasiana (Barb.Rodr.) R.E.Fr., Duguetia hemmendorffii R.E.Fr., Annona furfuracea A.St.-Hil., Aberemoa furfuracea (A.St.-Hil.) Baill.

Description

Species Description - Shrub, 0.5-2 m tall. Young twigs and petioles totally covered with stellate scales 0.2-0.5 mm in diam. Petioles 1.5-5 mm long, 1-2.5 mm in diam. Lamina narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, (6-)9-14(-17) cm long, (2-)3-5(-6) cm wide, leaf index 2-3.5(-5.5), coriaceous, shiny green above, dull, pale brown below, sparsely to densely covered with erect to appressed stellate hairs and stellate scales (only basally connate) 0.2-0.5 mm in diam. above, totally covered with stellate scales 0.3-0.6 mm in diam. below, base acute, attenuate, (or obtuse), apex obtuse to acute (acuminate, or rarely rounded), primary vein slightly impressed to flat above, secondary veins curved, 9-17 on either side of primary vein, raised above, angles with primary vein (50-)60-70(-80)°, loop-forming at acute to right angles, loops distinct, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-5 mm, tertiary veins slightly raised above. Inflorescences among leaves, leaf-opposed or sometimes supra-axillary, exceptionally at the base of a (short) axillary shoot, 1-3-flowered, rarely to 5 flowers in succession. Indument: pedicels and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals totally covered with yellowish, stellate scales 0.3-0.5 mm in diam., inner side of sepals and petals totally to rather densely covered with stellate hairs 0.2-0.4 mm in diam. Peduncle 1-2 mm long, fruiting peduncle 3-4 mm long. Sympodial rachis (exceptionally) to 3 mm long. Pedicels 7-17 mm long, 1-2 mm in diam., fruiting pedicels to 30 mm long, to 3.5 mm in diam. (to 6 mm just below fruit). Upper bract mostly at 1/3 to 3/4 of base of pedicel, broadly to very broadly ovate, 3-5 mm long. Flower buds broadly ovoid to subglobose. Flowers green to cream, maturing red in vivo, inner base of petals dark red. Sepals connate for 15-25%, ovate(-triangular) to broadly so, (7-) 10-15(-22) mm long, (6-)9-12(-14) mm wide, obtuse. Petals subequal, elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, (10) 15-20(-30) mm long, 6-9(-13) mm wide, acute, inner base of inner petals callóse, strongly grooved. Stamens 0.9-1.2 mm long, dark to pale pink, apex of connective very shallowly pyramidal, 0.2-0.5 x 0.70.9 mm, glabrous. Carpels 2-5 mm long, ovary sparsely to densely covered with stellate hairs to 0.2 mm in diam., stigma sparsely so. Fruit green to greyish green, becoming brownish in vivo, globose (to ellipsoid), (2-) 3-5(-7) cm in diam., basal collar composed of 10-16 connate, sterile carpels, 6-14 mm in diam., not protruding below the fruit, fertile carpels (40-)70-140, obpyramidal, 10-15 mm long, 10-15 mm in diam., fused for 70-80%, areoles depressed ovoid to shallowly pyramidal, 0-5 mm high, obtuse, 4-5-ribbed, slightly verrucose, totally covered with stellate scales and hairs 0.1-0.3 mm in diam. Seeds obovoid to broadly so, 911 mm long, 7-9 mm in diam., obtuse to rounded, dull, yellow-brown to reddish brown.

Discussion

Duguetia furfuracea is the most widespread and common species in the genus, and over 600 collection numbers of it were examined in the course of the present study. It was also studied recently by He and Maas (1993), who found D. furfuracea to be rather variable, especially in the shape and size of the leaves. Leaves of most collections from Paraguay, for example, are narrower than in those from Brazil. No formal taxonomic rank could be assigned to the various leaf forms because many intermediates could be found. D. furfuracea looks very closely related to D. dicholepidota and also to D. moricandiana. UPGMA analysis could not confirm this, however, with D. furfuracea ending up in a different cluster from the other two species (Fig. 37, 3rd en 5th clusters, respectively).

Common Names

Alathê, Araticum, raticum do campo, Araticum barato do campo, Araticum lanata, Araticum lanceta, Araticum rasteiro, Araticum vermelho, Araticumzinho, Araxicumzinho, Ata, Ata brava, Ata do campo, Aticum, Bruto, Marolo, Marolinho, Moroua, Orelha de burro, Pinha braba, Pinha brava, Pinha do campo, Araticu(m)

Distribution

Central, southern, southeastern, to northeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Common, particularly in various cerrado types (campos rupestres, arboreous cerrado, open grassy to shrubby campos) or in dense secondary forest; mainly on white to brown sandy soil, rarely on red clay or lateritic soil. At elevations from sea level up to 1400 m. Flowering and fruiting all the year around, but mostly flowering from November to May and fruiting from September to June.

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