Duguetia calycina Benoist

  • Authority

    Maas, Paulus J. M., et al. 2003. (Annonaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 88: 1-274 pp. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Annonaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Duguetia calycina Benoist

  • Type

    Type: French Guiana. Maroni, Ile Portal, Jul 1857 (fl), Sagot 1095 (lectotype, P, designated by R. E. Fries (1934); isolectotypes, K, P, S, U).

  • Synonyms

    Duguetia calycina subsp. jenmanii R.E.Fr., Duguetia calycina subsp. versteegii R.E.Fr., Duguetia cuspidata R.E.Fr.

  • Description

    Species Description - Tree or shrub, 1-10(-30) m tall, 2-18(-40 in one specimen) cm in diam. Young twigs and petioles totally covered with stellate scales 0.1-0.4 mm in diam. Petioles 3-10(-15) mm long, 2-3 mm in diam. Lamina narrowly elliptic, (7-) 15-25(-3 3) cm long, (2-)4-7(-11) cm wide, leaf index 2.8-4.6, chartaceous, dull, greyish green to greyish brown above, pale brown below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with stellate scales 0.10.5 mm in diam. below, base obtuse, sometimes acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), sometimes acute, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins curved to straight, 10-15 on either side of primary vein, raised above, angles with primary vein 60-80°, loopforming at right to obtuse angles, loops distinct, smallest distance between loops and margin 4-8(-10) mm, tertiary veins slightly raised above. Inflorescences among leaves, supra-axillary or rarely leaf-opposed, infrequently terminal (with abortive axillary shoot below or not), terminai on a (short) axillary shoot, or at the base of an axillary shoot, 1-4-flowered, to about 10 flowers in succession (but see also under the comments further on). Indument: peduncles, pedicels, and outer side of bracts, sepals, and petals totally to densely covered with stellate scales 0.1-0.3 mm in diam., inner side of sepals and petals densely covered with stellate hairs 0.1-0.3 mm in diam, inner basal 1/2 to 1/3 of sepals and inner basal 1/2 to 1/5 of petals glabrous. Peduncle 1-3 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm in diam., fruiting peduncle to 10 mm long, to 4 mm in diam. Sympodial rachis to 15(-20) mm long. Pedicels 5-15 mm long, 2-3 mm in diam., fruiting pedicels to 5 mm in diam. Upper bract halfway the pedicel, depressed ovate, 1-2 mm long. Flower buds depressed globose, distinctly to slightly 3-ridged by recurved edges of the sepals. Flowers creamy white to creamy yellow in vivo, sepals with a brownish indument on the outer side. Sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 10-17 mm long, 9-16 mm wide, obtuse. Petals subequal, obtrullate to obovate, 15-30 mm long, 10-20 mm wide, obtuse, inner base of inner petals callose, grooved and sometimes papillate. Stamens 2-4 mm long, cream, apex of connective discoid, 0.5-0.7 x 0.7-1.2 mm, densely to totally covered with simple to stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm in diam. Carpels 3-6 mm long, ovary totally covered with stellate hairs, stigma subglabrous. Fruit brownish to yellow in vivo, ellipsoid to subglobose, 3-8 cm long, 2-4.5 cm in diam., basal collar indistinct, composed of 10-15 connate, sterile carpels, 8-10 mm in diam., not or hardly protruding below the fruit, fertile carpels 50-100(-125), obtrulloid to oblong, 11-20 mm long, 5-10 mm in diam., free, areoles pyramidal, 2-8 mm high, obtuse, apiculate (apicule 1-7 mm long), slightly polygonal, totally covered with greyish or brownish, stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm in diam. Seeds obovoid to oblong-obovoid, 7-14 mm long, 4-10 mm in diam., obtuse, pale brown to creamy white, shiny.

  • Discussion

    Used as antihypertensive: boil with leaves of blacksage and breadfruit (Guyana, Tiwari & Mengharini 466). Fruit used for fishing rods (Guyana, Stoffers et al. 325). Leaves and bark decoction used for headaches (Guyana, Archer 2807).

    Duguetia calycina is a highly variable species. Leaf characters such as shape, texture, and trichome density on the lower side of the lamina, as well as fruit characters as shape and apex of areoles show enormous variation. D. calycina can easily be confused with D. yeshidan. It is not surprising, then, that UPGMA analysis brings both species close together (Fig. 37, 5th cluster). Nevertheless, recent research by He & Maas (1996) revealed that both species are quite distinct. D. calycina differs from D. yeshidan by its elliptic to ovate (instead of obovate) leaves, a longer petiole (4-10 mm vs. 1-4 mm), by its totally free sepals, and by fruiting carpels which are not grooved.

    Several collections from Amazonian Brazil, a.o., from Tefé and from the Upper Rio Negro, are aberrant from typical D. calycina by leaves which are rather densely hairy on the lower side, instead of sparsely hairy. In that aspect they show some resemblance to D. argentea. Most of the collections involved (cited with an asterisk) are restricted to inundated forest, whereas typical D. calycina occurs in non-inundated forest. On the distribution map these aberrant collections are indicated by a question mark. Maas et al. 8055 (**), and several collections not cited here (“Duguetia sp. 16” in Rankin-de-Mérona et al., 1992), all from WWF-reserves near Manaus, much resemble D. calycina in flower characteristics. They differ from it by, among others, shiny leaves; no fruit has been seen yet. Perhaps they represent an undescribed species.

    Generally in non-inundated forest, sometimes in periodically-inundated forest, rarely in savannas; on white sands, occasionally on clayey soil. At elevations from sea level up to 700 m. Flowering mainly from August to January, fruiting throughout the year. Flowers with strong scent. Black ants have been observed on flower buds (BW 2500, 2596, 2694, 2714) and on fruits (de Granville 6065, 6253). Plant with a smell of red pepper noted once (Billiet & Jadin 1059). Fragrance has been noticed in bark (de Granville 459), leaves (BW 2329; Maas et al. 3827), flower buds (BW 2348, 2477), and fruits (BW 2584).

  • Common Names

    Ata braba, Envira, Envireira, Alamà'ï, Bouchiatucu, Gaan pepe anga sautu, Gaan uku tiki, Grand garya yanipau, Iliwaime, Korosol kamwi, Mamayawé-piment, Pakiremkamwi, Pépé ingassa ojou, Pepe-nanga-saotou, Piki satoko pepe, Pina’í, Uku tiki, Kurikuoyoka, Yari-Yari, Yeshidan, Alaida, Aleidá, Aperemu, Arekop mang, Bos(ch)zuurzak, Geelhart jarijari, Gele bast jarijari, Jésérédan, Jorokan pomoire, Kapoasi pomoire, Panta, Yéséhérédan, Zuurzak

  • Distribution

    Venezuela (Amazonas, Táchira), the Guianas, and Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Maranhão, Pará).

    Venezuela South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Táchira Venezuela South America| Guyana South America| Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Brazil South America| Amapá Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America|