Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. var. bicapsularis
-
Authors
Howard S. Irwin, Rupert C. Barneby
-
Authority
Irwin, Howard S. & Barneby, Rupert C. 1982. The American Cassiinae. A synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtrib Cassiinae in the New World. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35, part 1: 1-454.
-
Family
Caesalpiniaceae
-
Scientific Name
-
Type
Lectoholotypus (De Wit, 1955, p. 236, accepted as syntypus by Brenan, 1967, p. 71 and by Isely, 1975, p. 198), LINN 528/101—First described by Linnaeus from sterile plants grown in Clifford’s garden (Hort. Cliff. 159, Cassia no. 11. 1737) from seed though
-
Synonyms
Cassia bicapsularis L., Cathartocarpus bicapsularis (L.) Ham., Adipera bicapsularis (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P.Wilson, Cassia emarginata L., Cassia limensis Lam., Cassia sennoides Jacq., Cassia inflata Spreng., Chamaefistula inflata G.Don, Cassia bicapsularis var. quadrijuga DC., Adipera spiciflora Pittier, Cassia spiciflora (Pittier) Pittier
-
Description
Variety Description - Lfts (2-)3-4 pairs.—Collections: 115. [Key: "Lfts of mature lvs (disregarding depauperate ones of paniculate inflorescences) mostly or entirely 3-4 pairs, 4-foliolate lvs few or absent; range of the species, but in Ecuador, Peru and Chile only about coastal cities, presumed adventive."]
Distribution and Ecology - Thickets, riverbanks, beaches, riparian forest, persisting in hedges, plantations and disturbed brush-woodland, mostly between sea level and 650 m but ascending in n.-w. Venezuela to 1000-2000 m, long cultivated, readily escaping and weedy, and consequently of uncertain aboriginal range but apparently native on Jamaica and around the s. and e. periphery of the Caribbean Basin from e. Puerto Rico through the Virgin, Leeward and Windward Is. to Trinidad, thence w. across n. Venezuela and adjacent Dutch Antilles to the lower Magdalene valley in Colombia and to centr. Panama, extending feebly s. in Venezuela to Cordillera de Merida, the lower Orinoco valley in Guarico and Altiplamcie de Nuria in n.-e. Bolivar; locally established in S. America about ports and coastal cities, as on the Demerara estuary in Guyana, about Cayenne, French Guiana, at Esmeraldas and Guayaquil in Ecuador, Chiclayo and Lima in Peru, and Arica, Chile; adventive n.-ward in Guatemala, w. Cuba, the Caicos and Turk Is. (status equivocal, possibly native), s. peninsular Florida and Bermuda. Early taken to tropical Africa, Mauritius, s. India and Sri Lanka, Indomalaya and New Caledonia, where either transiently or permanently established outside cultivation, reported from elsewhere in Old World tropics, at least sometimes mistakenly for S. pendula. Cultivated in Europe, under glass n.-ward and unprotected in Mediterranean gardens, from early XVIII century onward.—Fl. in the Americas primarily following rains, but in favorable circumstances throughout the year, the pods long persistent and often contemporary with fls.
-
Common Names
Christmas bush, velamuerto, sen del páis, styver-bush, sou maque, sousmarque , black-dog-bush, money-bush, feuille-d’argent, chiquichique , bombito, platanito, chilifruta
-
Distribution
Guárico Venezuela South America| Bolívar Venezuela South America| Cayenne French Guiana South America| Suriname South America| Guyana South America| Esmeraldas Ecuador South America| Lima Peru South America| Turks and Caicos Islands South America| Florida United States of America North America| Bermuda South America| India Asia| Sri Lanka New Caledonia Venezuela South America| Puerto Rico South America| Jamaica South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America| Panama Central America| Water Island Virgin Islands South America| Colombia South America|