Pilosium chlorophyllum (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal.
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Authority
Ireland, Robert R. & Buck, William R. 1994. Stereophyllaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 65: 1-49. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Plagiotheciaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Martius s.n. (n.v.).
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Synonyms
Hypnum chlorophyllum Hornsch., Stereophyllum chlorophyllum (Hornsch.) Mitt., Plagiothecium chrysobasis Müll.Hal., Plagiothecium unilaterale Müll.Hal., Pilosium flaccisetum Müll.Hal., Pilosium cruegerianum Müll.Hal., Stereophyllum cruegerianum Paris, Plagiothecium longisetulum Müll.Hal., Stereophyllum longisetulum (Müll.Hal.) Broth., Pilosium longisetulum Müll.Hal., Pilosium pseudoradiculosum Müll.Hal., Stereophyllum pseudoradiculosum Paris, Pilosium subchlorophyllum Müll.Hal., Stereophyllum subchlorophyllum Paris, Pilosium serrulatum R.S.Williams, Pilosium sprucei Thér.
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Description
Species Description - Plants yellowish green, in dense, glossy mats. Stems complanate, to 6 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, irregularly branched. Leaves dimorphic, dorsal leaves 1.3-1.6 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide, oblong-ovate, symmetric, lateral leaves 1.5-2.0 mm long, 0.6-1.0 mm wide, oblong-lanceolate, cultriform; margins plane, entire to serrulate, especially above; costa single in lateral leaves, extending a short distance above base, lacking in dorsal leaves; median cells 89-146 µm long, 7-12 µm wide; alar cells strongly differentiated in lateral leaves, colored, oblong, 24-89 µm long, 14-28 µm wide, weakly differentiated in dorsal leaves, quadrate to subquadrate, 12-24 µm long, 9-12 µm wide. Autoicous. Setae orange-red, 1.5-1.8 cm long; capsules orange-red, cernuous, 0.8-1.2 mm long, short-cylindric, contracted below mouth when dry; exothecial cells collenchymatous; opercula short-rostrate, 0.4-0.6 mm long. Spores 7-9 µm in diameter.
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Discussion
Pilosium chlorophyllum is seldom confused with any other species. It is distinctive because of its glossy, complanate plants that have dimorphic leaves: the dorsal ones symmetric, oblong-ovate, with neither a costa nor a distinctive region of differentiated alar cells; and the lateral ones cultriform, oblong-lanceolate, with a short, weak costa scarcely reaching 1/3 the leaf length, and a large area of enlarged, colored alar cells on one side of the costa. The cernuous, short-cylindric capsules have collenchymatous exothecial cells and the spores, 7-9 µm in diameter, are smaller than the other members of the Stereophyllaceae.
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Distribution
Common; Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil (Fig. 24). On tree trunks and vines but especially rotten logs and stumps, less often on decaying litter and rarely on boulders, usually in humid habitats at elevations mostly below 400 m, rarely to 2500 m.
Mexico North America| Quintana Roo Mexico North America| Nicaragua Central America| Costa Rica South America| Heredia Costa Rica Central America| Limón Costa Rica Central America| Panama Central America| Canal Zone Panamá Central America| Darién Panamá Central America| Panamá Panama Central America| Dominican Republic South America| El Seibo Dominican Republic South America| La Vega Dominican Republic South America| Colombia South America| Amazonas Colombia South America| Antioquia Colombia South America| Caquetá Colombia South America| Guainía Colombia South America| Meta Colombia South America| Santander Colombia South America| Vaupés Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Colombia South America| Bolívar Colombia South America| Cauca Colombia South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America| Guyana South America| Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni French Guiana South America| Ecuador South America| Napo Ecuador South America| Pastaza Ecuador South America| Sucumbíos Ecuador South America| Peru South America| Junín Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| San Martín Peru South America| Brazil South America| Acre Brazil South America| Amapá Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Roraima Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Beni Bolivia South America| La Paz Bolivia South America| Santa Cruz Bolivia South America|