Nectandra lanceolata Nees

Authority

Rohwer, Jens G. 1993. Lauraceae: . Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 1-332. (Published by NYBG Press)

Family

Lauraceae

Scientific Name

Nectandra lanceolata Nees & Mart.

Type

Type. Brazil. State not indicated: Mato Cuyaba, Guarahy, Sello 1447 (lectotype (Rohwer, 1986), B).

Synonyms

Nectandra lanceolata var. grandifolia Mez, Nectandra lanceolata var. parvifolia Mez, Nectandra lanceolata var. paraguariensis Hassl.

Description

Species Description - Trees to 20 m (but mostly collected from much smaller individuals). Branchlets 5 cm below terminal bud (1.4-)1.9-3.2 mm in diam., roundish or slightly angular/furrowed, the younger parts covered with a dense, yellowish to orange-brown indument of long (ca. 0.3-0.6 mm), erect, ± curled hairs and shorter, paler hairs covering the epidermis (almost) completely, the shorter hairs more persistent, on older twigs matted and greyish, then slowly wearing off; terminal buds ± ovoid to elongate, 3.5-12 mm long, 1-2.5 mm thick, densely covered with long, ± ascending, orange-brownish hairs. Petioles 4.5-9(-12) mm long, l-2(-2.5) mm thick, irregularly roundish to almost triangular below, sometimes ± longitudinally ridged, nearly flat to canaliculate above with ridges along the central furrow, indument ± as on twigs, sometimes denser above. Leaves alternate or rarely some of them subopposite, ± (ob)lanceolate, rarely ± elliptic, widest 1/2 to 2/3 from the base, mostly slightly above the middle, 7-17(-21) cm long, (2-)2.5-4(-6) cm wide, (2.2-)2.9-4.5(-5.5) times longer than wide, tip acuminate (acumen mostly short), base attenuate to acute, rarely obtuse, margin flat to distinctly recurved, rarely revolute but not ending parallel to the petiole, midrib and secondary veins ± impressed above, prominent below, secondary veins 5-8 pairs, diverging at (20-)30-40(-50)°, in mid-lamina running at an angle of (15-)20— 30(-40)° to the midrib, tertiary venation predominantly scalariform, occasionally with some laterally oriented intersecondaries, ± level to slightly impressed above, distinctly raised below. Indument consisting of ± erect, straight to curled hairs of variable length (ca. 0.2-0.5 mm) on both sides, initially sparse to moderately dense above, quickly (sub)glabrescent, moderately dense to moderately sparse below, denser on veins and especially in the axils of the secondary veins, slowly becoming sparser. Gland dots usually not visible, rarely ± distinct in young leaves above. Inflorescences on recent growth only, in the axils of leaves or the basal ones in the axils of cataphylls, 1-1.8 mm in diam. at the base, on a twig of 1.5-3.5 mm diam., 5-17 cm long, reaching ca. 2/3 to almost twice the length of the subtending leaf; peduncle (1.5-)3-8.5 cm long, i.e., 1/3 to 2/3 the length of the inflorescence, lateral branches (0-)2-6(-8) below terminal cyme or cluster of cymes, branched l-2(-3) times, indument dense, ± as on twigs. Pedicels 2-6(-7) mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm thick. Flowers (7-)8.5-12 (-15) mm in diam., tepals ± elliptic to elongate-obovate, (2.5-)3.8-5.2(-6.5) mm long and (1.6-) 2-3.5(-4) mm wide, papillosity ± dense and ± thick on the inside surface, occasionally with some hairs mixed in. Stamens ca. (0.8-)1.2-1.7 mm long including the very short but distinct filament, anthers heavily papillose, broadly rhombic, ovate, pentagonal, or broadly obtrullate in the first whorl, with a ± obtuse tip, ± trullate in the second whorl, with an acute tip, ± elongate-pentagonal in the third whorl, with an obtuse tip. Staminodes thickish, papillose and hairy on abaxial side, glandular on adaxial side, united at the very base with the inner stamens. Pistil ca. 1.4-2.3 mm long, ovary spheroidal, glabrous or with a few hairs, style ca. as long as the ovary or slightly shorter, papillose or glabrous. Receptacle shallowly bowl-shaped to deeply cup-shaped, almost closed above by bases of stamens and staminodes, densely hairy to (rarely) glabrous inside. Berry spheroidal, ca. 13-16 mm long, ca. 13 mm in diam., cupule cup-shaped when young, later ± funnel-shaped, with a shallow bowl of ca. 1.5-3 mm height and 7-10 mm diam. on top of a slightly to distinctly thickened pedicel.

Discussion

Nectandra lanceolata is easily recognized by relatively small leaves with an erect indument and without reflexed lobes at the base. In dried material they usually have a characteristic color, viz. greyish-green to light olive-brown above and orange-beige to light brown below. Flowering branches often bear young leaves only; the old leaves appear to be shed at the beginning of anthesis.

Common Names

canela, Canela amarela, Canela bosta, Canela branca, louro, laurel, laurel moroti, laurel amarillo, laurel bianco

Distribution

East central Brazil to Paraguay and Northeastern Argentina. Grows in a variety of habitats between 150 and 1000 m altitude, from gallery forest and secondary vegetation (Capoeira) to primary rainforest; very frequently collected in Araucaria forest. Flowers mainly September to December, occasionally already in August (Minas Gerais) or until March (Parana). Fruits have been collected mainly in February, but most of them appear to be immature.

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