Cyphomandra oblongifolia Bohs
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Authority
Bohs, Lynn A. 1994. Cyphomandra (Solanaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 63: 154. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Solanaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil. Rondônia: Rondônia, secondary vegetation, 20 Aug 1971 (fl, fr), Maas 416 (holotype, NY; isotypes, F, K, MO, P, U, WIS).
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Description
Species Description - Small tree 2-8 m tall. Branches glabrous or glandular-puberulent, sometimes sparsely eglandular pilose with hairs 1-3 mm long. Leaf blades simple, lobed or unlobed, subcoriaceous, acute to acuminate at apex, glabrous or occasionally sparsely pilose adaxially, glandular-puberulent on veins, glabrous abaxially; petioles glabrous or sparsely pilose. Trunk leaves simple, unlobed or pinnately 3-7-lobed; if unlobed, the blade elliptic or oblong, 15-25 cm long, 8-10 cm wide, length:width ratio 2-2.5:1, the base truncate to shallowly cordate with basal lobes up to 1 cm long; if lobed, the blade 14-20 cm long, 12-22 cm wide, divided 1/2 to 4/5 to midrib, the sinuses acute, rounded, the base truncate, without basal lobes; petioles 3-8 cm long. Crown leaves 4 per sympodial unit, unlobed or pinnately 2-3-lobed; if unlobed, the blade elliptic-oblong or ovate, 4-20 cm long, 2.5-8 cm wide, length:width ratio 1.5-2.5:1, the base rounded to truncate or cordate with basal lobes up to 1.5 cm long; if lobed, the blade 12-16 cm long, 5.5-13 cm wide, divided 1/2 to 3/4 to midrib, the sinuses acute, the base rounded to truncate, without basal lobes; petioles 1-5 cm long. Inflorescence unbranched or rarely forked, 15-35-flowered, 3-10 cm long; peduncle 1-4 cm long; rachis 2-7 cm long; pedicels 10-25 mm long, 20-30 mm long in fruit, 1-5 mm apart, articulated near the base, leaving pedicellar remnants 1-2 mm long; peduncle, rachis, and pedicels glabrous or glandular-puberulent, occasionally sparsely pilose. Flower buds ovoid, acute at apex. Calyx somewhat fleshy, punctate and glandular-puberulent or glabrate, the radius 3-6 mm, the lobes (0.5-) 2-3 mm long, (1)2-2.5 mm wide, rounded to truncate, apiculate, often unequal. Corolla white, green, yellow green, or purplish, subcoriaceous to fleshy, campanulate (to stellate), the radius (8-) 15-20 mm, the tube (1-)3-6 mm long, the lobes narrowly triangular, (5-) 10-17 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, glabrous abaxially and adaxially, the margin tomentose, the apex acute. Anther thecae yellow or white, lanceolate, 3.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, the pores directed distally; connective purple, narrowly triangular, 3.5-5 mm long, 1 mm wide, abaxially slightly shorter than thecae at apex, exceeding them by 0.5-1 mm at base, adaxially absent. Ovary glabrous; style glabrous, cylindrical, not to slightly dilated distally, 4-5 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm in diam., exserted (0-) 1-3 mm beyond stamens; stigma truncate, 0.3-0.5(-l) mm in diam. Fruit ellipsoidal to globose, obtuse at apex, 3-5 cm long, 2-5 cm in diam., glabrous, the color when ripe unknown; mesocarp with stone cell aggregates; seeds 4-7 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, glabrous and rugose or pubescent submarginally.
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Discussion
The Chácabo Indians of Bolivia drink a decoction of the leaves to cure liver problems (Boom 4054).
Cyphomandra oblongifolia resembles C. hartwegii and C. endopogon in its nearly glabrous and often pinnately lobed leaves, glabrous obtuse fruits with large stone cell aggregates, and large seeds. It differs from these two species in having oblong or elliptic-oblong leaves with truncate or shallowly cordate bases and short unbranched inflorescences with obvious pedicellar remnants. Although the shape of the stamens and especially the gynoecium of C. oblongifolia suggest an affinity with the C. hartwegii group, the anthers and styles are shorter than is usually the case in the group; furthermore, the campanulate corolla of C. oblongifolia differs from the stellate corollas typical of the C. hartwegii alliance.Most collections referable to C. oblongifolia have campanulate corollas with tubes about 3-6 mm long and calyces with a radius of about 3-6 mm. Collections from Suriname differ in having stellate corollas with tubes only 2-3 mm long and very small calyces with a radius of 2-4 mm. These collections with stellate corollas look very similar to C. hartwegii except for their oblong leaves, and has been suggested that the Suriname populations may be the result of hybridization between C. oblongifolia and C. hartwegii (Bohs, 1988a). Only three herbarium sheets with flowers are available from this area, and all have a high percentage of good stainable pollen (>90%). Further biosystematic studies of these two species are needed to shed light on their relationships.Several collections from Amazonian Brazil differ from both the campanulate and stellate forms of C. oblongifolia in having very small flowers with corolla lobes only 5-6 mm long and calyces with a radius of only about 1-2 mm. Except for the small flowers, they resemble the other collections of C. oblongifolia. -
Common Names
gallinazo panga, shía
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Objects
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Distribution
Clearings or along streams in tropical rain forest, on varzea or terra firme, 0-350 m in elevation, tributaries of Amazon in Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; also in Suriname. Flowering specimens have been collected in January and April through November, with a flowering peak in August through November. Fruiting specimens have been collected in all months of the year except April and July.
Peru South America| Bolivia South America| Brazil South America| Suriname South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Beni Bolivia South America| Santa Cruz Bolivia South America| Suriname South America|