Rinorea dasyadena Robyns

  • Authority

    Hekking, W. H. A. 1988. violaceae Part l—Rinorea and Rinoreocarpus. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 46: i-ii, 1-208. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Violaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Rinorea dasyadena A.Robyns

  • Type

    Type. Panama. Panamá halfway between Goofy Lake and Cerro Jeffe, 27 Apr 1966 (fl), Odum 2273 (holotype, MO).

  • Description

    Species Description - Tree or treelet, 2-13 m tall. Branchlets golden to ferruginous pilosulous in combination with sparsely pilose when young, glabrescent when older. Leaves apparently opposite; petioles 2-9 mm long, golden to ferruginous pilosulous; stipules deciduous, narrowly deltoid to linear, 2-2.5 x 0.25-1 mm, herbaceous, densely golden to ferruginous strigulose, ciliolate; lamina (narrowly) elliptic, acuminate, 6-17 x 3-5.5 cm, papery, glabrous on both sides; costa pilosulous to glabrescent above, sparsely golden to ferruginous strigose beneath; domatia usually wanting, sometimes scarcely present; lateral veins 9-14 pairs (acumen excluded); tertiary venation reticulate; base rounded to cuneate, slightly asymmetric and oblique, slightly obtuse to subauriculate at the petiole; margin subentire, sometimes subcrenate, mucronulate; acumen 1.25-1.75 cm long, apex subacute to subobtusish mucronulate. Inflorescences axillary, lateral and subterminal, solitary, racemose, 4-23 x 0.4-1 cm; central axis, sparsely golden to ferruginous pilosulous; pedicels 1.25-3 mm long, articulate at ½-1/7 from the base, sparsely golden to ferruginous pilosulous near the articulation; bracts and bractlets deciduous, deltoid to ovate, herbaceous, golden to ferruginous strigose near the apex of the costa, ciliolate, apex subacute; bracts 0.5-1 x 0.5-0.6 mm; bractlets subopposite, ca. 0.5 mm long and wide. Flower buds ovoid to tolpoid, acuminate, subobtuse. Flowers drooping, usually unilateral, whitish, creamy or yellowish, occasionally purplish. Sepals subequal, deltoid to ovate, acuminate, 1-1.25 x 0.75-1 mm, herbaceous, golden to ferruginous pilose(ulous) along the costa, 1-5 veined, margin ciliolate, apex subacute. Petals (narrowly) ovate, acuminate, 3.25-3.75 x 1.25-1.5 mm, herbaceous, slightly pilose along the costa, glabrescent, margin ciliolate, apex obtuse. Stamens 2.5-3 mm long; filaments free, 0.6-0.8 x 0.2-0.3 mm, glabrous; dorsal glands free, adnate to the filaments, ellipsoid to obovoid, 0.4-0.6 x 0.3-0.4 mm, usually distinctly shorter than the filaments, carnose, golden-brownish pilosulous, apex obtuse, truncate or emarginate; anthers ellipsoid, deltoid or ovoid, 1-1.25 x 0.5-0.75 mm, glabrous, apex of thecae obtuse and unappendaged; connective outside, narrowly deltoid to ovoid, (sub)obtuse, 0.8 x 0.2 mm, sparsely golden-brownish pilosulous to glabrescent; connective scales lateral as well as apical, ovate, 1.75-2.25 x 0.75-1 mm, scarious, orange-brown to fuscous, uncolored and transparent at the apex of the anthers, strongly erose especially near the base, apex (sub)obtuse. Ovary subglobose, 0.75-1.25 x 0.75-1 mm, golden to ferruginous pilose; ovules usually two, extremely rarely one per placenta; style filiform, erect or slightly curved, 1.752 mm long, exceeding the stamens by 0-0.5 mm, erect pilosulous at the base; stigma truncate or obtuse. Capsule more or less asymmetric, ovoid, acuminate, coriaceous to subligneous, green to purplish black when fresh, golden to ferruginous pilosulous, veined; valves three, subequal to unequal, 2.25-2.75 x 0.75-1 cm. Seeds usually two, rarely one per valve, subglobose, 6-8 mm in diam., brownish with white spots when dried, golden hirtellous.

  • Discussion

    Rinorea dasyadena differs from R. lindeniana and R. deflexiflora mainly by: (1) petals 3x as long as the sepals (versus 1.5-2.5x); (2) its filaments 0.6-0.8 mm long (in R. lindeniana 0.30.4 mm long; in R. deflexiflora 1.25-1.5 mm long); (3) its dorsal glands hairy (versus glabrous); (4) its capsule 2.25-2.75 cm long (versus 1-2 cm long); and (5) its seeds 6-8 mm diameter (versus 2-5 mm diameter in R. deflexiflora).

    Rinorea dasyadena most resembles R. lindeniana by reason of the leaf bases slightly oblique and slightly subauriculate at the petiole (versus distinctly oblique and subauriculate in R. deflexiflora). Leaves of R. dasyadena are acuminate (versus cuspidate in R. lindeniana); the leaf margin of R. dasyadena is always subentire, whereas that of R. lindeniana is predominantly (sub)cren(ul)ate. In R. dasyadena the costa is sparsely brownish strigose beneath, versus sparsely erect pilosulous near the base in R. lindeniana. Some specimens of R. dasyadena are aberrant in some features, e.g.: (1) Antonio 1390 (Panama: Colon): branchlets, petioles, costa, central axis of inflorescence and fruits glabrescent to completely glabrous; (2) Sytsma et al. 4173 (Panama: Colon) and McPherson 7049 (Panama, Darien): number of ovules and seeds one instead of two per carpel.

    Distribution and Ecology: Rinorea dasyadena occurs on Isla de Gorgona, W of Colombia, in the forest refuge Nechí in NW Colombia, and in the forest refugia Darien and Chiriquí in Panama and Costa Rica. This species is endemic in this area, in the understory of primary tropical rain forests in lowlands as well as submountainous regions. It grows on slopes, summits of hills and lower mountains and along rivers, streams and creeks, from 0 to 1000 m. Soil unknown. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

  • Distribution

    Costa Rica South America| Alajuela Costa Rica Central America| Panama Central America| Bocas del Toro Panamá Central America| Coclé Panamá Central America| Colón Panama Central America| Darién Panamá Central America| Herrera Panama Central America| Panamá Panama Central America| San Blás Panama Central America| Veraguas Panama Central America| Colombia South America| Cauca Colombia South America| Chocó Colombia South America|