Rinorea camptoneura (Radlk.) Melch.
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Authority
Hekking, W. H. A. 1988. violaceae Part l—Rinorea and Rinoreocarpus. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 46: i-ii, 1-208. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Violaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil. Amazonas: Rio Negro, between Manaus and Barcellos, Dec 1851 (fl), Spruce 1964 (lectotypus nov., M; isotypes, K [herb. Benthamianum; herb. Hookerianum], P [herb. E. Drake del Castillo]).
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Synonyms
Alsodeia camptoneura Radlk.
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Description
Species Description - Tree or treelet, 3.5-14 m tall. Branchlets golden hirtellous when young, glabrescent when older. Leaves apparently opposite, occasionally ternate; petioles 3-10 mm long, golden hispidulous above, golden strigulose to glabrescent beneath; stipules deciduous, narrowly deltoid, subacute, 1-2.5 x 0.4-0.8 mm, herbaceous, golden strig-illose, ciliolate; lamina elliptic to obovate, acuminate, 3.5-15 x 1.25-6.75 cm, papery, glabrous on both sides; costa above sparsely golden puberulous near the base, sparsely golden strigose beneath; domatia present, golden pi-lose(ulous); lateral veins 8-13 pairs (acumen excluded) glabrescent on both sides; tertiary venation reticulate; base rounded to cuneate, slightly asymmetric and oblique as well as slightly obtuse to subauriculate at the petiole; margin subcrenate or subserrate to subentire, mucronulate; acumen 1.5-2.5 cm long, apex obtuse to subacute, mucronulate. Inflorescences axillary, lateral and subterminal, solitary, racemose, 4.5-12.5 cm long; central axis, creamy or whitish colored when fresh, sparsely golden pilosulous; ‘pedicels’ 2.5-7.5 mm long, articulate at 1/3 from the base, golden strigulose; bracts and bractlets ovate to deltoid, herbaceous, golden strig(ill)ose along the costa, ciliolate, apex obtuse; bracts 1-1.5 x 0.75-1.25 mm; bractlets 0.75-l(-1.5) x 0.75-1(-1.25) mm. Flower buds ovoid to tolpoid, obtuse. Flowers pendulous, creamy white. Sepals unequal, (ob)ovate to elliptic, 1.25-3 x 1.25-1.75 mm, herbaceous, golden strig(ill)ose along the costa and/or near the apex, 3-5 veined, margin golden ciliolate, apex (sub)obtuse. Petals narrowly ovate, 4.25-4.5 x ca. 1.5 mm, herbaceous, golden pilosulous along the costa or glabrescent, margin sometimes golden ciliolate especially near the apex, apex obtuse. Stamens 3-3.5 mm long; filaments free, (0.5-)0.75-1 x 0.20.4 mm, glabrous; dorsal glands free, adnate to the filaments, sometimes one or more of them wanting, (narrowly) ovoid to ellipsoid, (0-)0.75-1 x (0-)0.3-0.4 mm, carnose, glabrous, apex free, acute to obtuse or truncate to emarginate; anthers narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid, 1-1.25 x 0.4-0.5 mm, apex of thecae obtuse, sometimes appendaged by 2-5 set(ul)ae and/or 1-2 cusps, 0.20.4 x 0.1-0.2 mm; connective outside narrowly deltoid to linear, subobtuse to acute, 0.75-1 x 0.1-0.25 mm, glabrous; connective scales lateral as well as apical, ovate, 2.25-2.5 x ca. 1 mm, scarious, orange-brown, margin suberose, apex obtuse. Ovary subglobose, ca. 1 mm in diam. usually whitish, sometimes golden or ferruginous villose; ovules two per placenta. Style filiform, erect, 2.25-2.75 x ca. 0.2 mm, exceeding the stamens by ca. 0.25 mm, slightly pilosulous at the base; stigma truncate. Capsule more or less symmetric, ovoid, acuminate, coriaceous to subligneous, golden to ferruginous pilose(ulous), veined; valves three, (sub)equal, ca. 1.75 x ca. 0.75 cm. Seeds two per valve, globose, 7-8 mm in diam., glabrous, extremely rarely sparsely pilose, often reddish stained when dried.
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Discussion
This species belongs to the complex of three related species Rinorea flavescens, R. falcata and R. camptoneura. It differs from R. flavescens and R. falcata by having domatia on the underside of the leaves, versus wanting in the two other species. The ovaries of R. falcata and R. camptoneura are densely hairy, versus glabrous (or nearly so) in R. flavescens. The style ofR. camptoneura is pilosulous at the base, versus completely glabrous in R. flavescens. In R. falcata the style is completely glabrous or slightly pilosulous at the base. For detailed differences see under R. falcata.
Distribution and Ecology: It occurs as an undergrowth in the understory of primary rain forests, where it has been collected on slopes and along rapids, from 125 to 250 m, creeks, streams and rivers. Soil not indicated. Flowering records from the period October-April, fruiting specimens have been collected in February, April and May. probably flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Rinorea camptoneura is widespread over (the northern part of) W Amazonia, from where the species migrated to Upper Amazonia in Colombia (Putumayo) and Peru (Huanuco) as well as along the Rio Negro and the Casiquiare to the Upper Orinoco area of Venezuela (Amazonas).
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Distribution
Colombia South America| Putumayo Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Peru South America| Huánuco Peru South America| Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America|