Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook.f. ex S.Moore
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Authority
Gentry, Alwyn H. 1992. Bignoniaceae--part II (Tribe Tecomeae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 25: 1-370. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Bignoniaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Brazil. São Paulo, Manso s.n. (not seen). Neotype here designated: Brazil. Maranhão: Caxias, Cutler 8249 (holotype, MO; isotypes, F, IJ).
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Synonyms
Bignonia aurea Silva Manso, Tecoma caraiba Mart., Tecoma squamellulosa DC., Tecoma leucophlaeos Mart. ex DC., Tecoma trichocalycina DC., Tecoma aurea (Silva Manso) DC., Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bureau, Tecoma argentea Bureau & K.Schum., Tecoma caraiba var. squamellulosa (DC.) Bureau & K.Schum., Gelseminum caraiba (Mart.) Kuntze, Tecoma caraiba var. grandiflora Hassl., Tabebuia argentea (Bureau & K.Schum.) Britton, Tabebuia suberosa Rusby, Handroanthus caraiba (Mart.) Mattos, Handroanthus leucophloeus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos
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Description
Species Description - Tree to at least 16 m, the branchlets frequently thick and corky, subterete to subtetragonal, lepidote. Leaves palmately 5-7-foliolate, the leaflets oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, rounded or retuse at apex, rounded to subcordate at base, to 13 cm long, 9.5 cm wide, the lateral leaflets smaller, entire, coriaceous, lepidote above and below, otherwise glabrous, drying light olive; petiolules to 5 cm long, the petiole to 14 cm long, lepidote. Inflorescence a showy terminal panicle, the branches densely lepidote. Calyx campanulate, irregularly bilabiate, 8-16 mm long, 17-10 mm wide, densely lepidote, sometimes also with scattered plate-shaped glands; corolla yellow, tubular-infundibuliform, 5.5-9 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm wide at mouth of tube, the tube 4.2-6.6 cm long, the lobes 1.2-2.2 cm long, glabrous outside, the lobes ciliate, the floor of tube appressed papillose-puberulous with hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, pubescent at level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, the thecae divaricate, 4 mm long; pistil 2.9-3.2 cm long, the ovary linear-oblong, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, densely lepidote, the ovules 2-seriate in each locule; disk pulvinate, 1 mm long, 3 mm wide. Fruit an oblong capsule, narrowed at each extreme, grayish, densely lepidote, 8.5-15 cm long, 1.7-3 cm wide; seeds thin, bialate, large, ca. 2 cm long, 4.5-5.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous at the tips, irregularly brownish at the base, not sharply differentiated from the seed body.
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Discussion
Although Manso’s name has been overlooked for almost a century, there seems little doubt that it must be applied to this common and well known species. Salient points of Manso’s description are yellow flowers, quinate leaves with ovate-oblong glabrous leaflets, subcordate at the base. There is no other yellow-flowered glabrous-leaved Tabebuia species in the area (São Paulo and Mato Grosso) from which Bignonia aurea was reported. Moreover the common name para tudo (paratodo in Paraguay) is rather specifically applied to this species. The only discordant element in the description is the short petiole but this is a relative and highly variable character and some collections of this species have petioles shorter than the leaflets that would perhaps qualify as “breviuscula” when compared with many other species. Although Moore (1895) questioned the subcordate leaflet base mentioned by Manso, this is one of the few Tabebuia species to frequently have such bases and the character is most pronounced precisely in São Paulo state where Manso would have encountered it. It is unfortunate that Moore’s combination in Tabebuia predates Tabebuia aurea Spegazzini (1911). I have proposed as neotype a specimen that matches the protologue especially well in the uniformly 5-foliolate leaves with subcordate leaflets 8-14 cm long and petioles ca. 5 cm long.
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Common Names
cinco folhas do campo, caraiba, pao d’arco, paratudo, ipe, ipe-amarelo, paratodo, alchornoque
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Distribution
A characteristic element of the Brazilian cerrado, also found in seasonally dry forests and savannas south to northern Argentina, west to Bolivia, and disjunct in the savannas of southern Surinam. Near sea level to 1500 m. Also widely cultivated.
Corrientes Argentina South America| Formosa Argentina South America| Beni Bolivia South America| La Paz Bolivia South America| Amapá Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Ceará Brazil South America| Distrito Federal Brazil South America| Goiás Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Paraíba Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Pernambuco Brazil South America| Piauí Brazil South America| Rio Grande do Norte Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Alto Paraguay Paraguay South America| Amambay Paraguay South America| Boquerón Paraguay South America| Canindeyú Paraguay South America| Chaco Paraguay South America| Concepción Paraguay South America| Cordillera Paraguay South America| Presidente Hayes Paraguay South America| San Martín Peru South America| Suriname South America| Santa Cruz Bolivia South America|