Schoepfia schreberi J.F.Gmel.
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Authority
Sleumer, Hermann O. 1984. Olacaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 38: 1-159. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Schoepfiaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Windward Islands. Santa Lucia, fl brachystyl., Crudy s.n. (before 1810) (holotype, M-Schreber; isotypes or probably part of the original collection in BR, M, S).
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Synonyms
Codonium arborescens Vahl, Schoepfia americana Willd., Schoepfia arborescens (J.Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Myginda integrifolia f. glaucifolia C.Wright ex Griseb., Diplocalyx chrysophylloides A.Rich., Schoepfia chrysophylloides (A.Rich.) Planch., Schoepfia mexicana A.DC., Schoepfia marchii Griseb., Schoepfia parvifolia Planch., Schoepfia angulata Planch., Codonium chrysophylloides (A.Rich.) Tiegh., Schoepfia angustata Urb., Schoepfia macrophylla Lundell
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Description
Species Description - Glabrous shrub or tree, 1.3-7(-9) m tall; trunk to 40 cm diam.; bark whitish, thick-corky, fissured, not peeling. Roots with small white haustoria, to 3 mm across. Branches spreading. Branchlets slender, striate-angular, olive-green to whitish and very finely punctulate (when observed with hand lens) in dry specimens. Leaves variable in shape and size, ovate to elliptic or narrowly so, or lanceolate, apex acuminate, tip bluntish, base cuneate-attenuate to obtuse, protracted to the petiole, gray-greenish to (pale) olivaceous or brownish when dry, somewhat shiny, sparsely or usually subdensely tuberculate on both surfaces, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, brittle, edge subentire, (3-)4-8(-13) x (1. 5-)2-3.5(-5) cm in humid or shadowy places, occasionally microphyllous (1.8-3 x 0.8-1.5) cm in dry places, in sterile shoots to 16 x 7 cm, midrib emersed on both surfaces, lateral nerves 4-6 pairs, curved-ascending, the lowest 1 or 2 pair(s) from near the base of the lamina, slightly raised or often rather inconspicuous on both surfaces, as are the veins and veinlets; petiole 3-5(-7, rarely -10) mm long. Inflorescences 1- to few-flowered, solitary, or fascicled on top of 1-2(-5) axillary peduncles (1-4 mm long), glabrous or minutely papillose. Flowers sessile, subtended by a cup-like epicalyx formed by concrescence of 2 bracteoles and 1 bract, the cup thus 3-dentate, ciliolate, 1-3 mm diam. Calyx or flower-axis cyathiform, subentire, glabrous, ca. 1 mm high. Corolla glabrous outside, ovate-cylindric to cylindric-campanulate in the brachystylous form, in which the style hardly attains the base of the anthers, greenish or dull yellow with pinkish or reddish lobes, rarely deep red all over, (3.5-)4(-5) mm long including the 4 or 5 lobes, the lobes equalling about the upper 1/3 of the corolla, ovate-triangular, reflexed, with a cluster of villous white hairs at the point of staminal insertion. Corolla in the dolichostylous form, in which the style attains the apex of the anthers or surpasses them a little, urceolate-cylindric, ca. 4.5 mm long, the lobes remaining more or less erect, and the stamens often appearing to be smaller in size and apparently void of pollen. Top of ovary hemispherical, finely rugulose or impressedly punctate, papillose and usually gray-puberulous. Drupe subovoid-ellipsoid, pinkish, orange or red, (7-) 10-13 x (6-)7-8 mm, its free top usually gray-puberulous.
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Discussion
Schoepfia schreberi is extremely variable in vegetative characters but is here conceived in a broad sense due to its constancy in flower and fruit characters. It might constitute a central taxon with a number of locally constant forms described as separate species, such as S. angulata, S. parvifolia, and others, here reduced to synonyms, which are difficult to evaluate from herbarium specimens.
Distribution and Ecology: Southern Florida and Keys, Bahamas, all over the Antilles, C Mexico to Panama and N Venezuela, also on Tobago and Trinidad; occurs usually in (thorny) thickets or bushland, open pinelands, woodland or pastures, in mesophytic (also deciduous) forest, rarely in (montane) rain forest, often on limestone, also coral rock, or sandy soil, from sea level to 1200(-1850) m alt.
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Distribution
Mexico North America| Chiapas Mexico North America| Guerrero Mexico North America| México Mexico North America| Oaxaca Mexico North America| Puebla Mexico North America| Querétaro Mexico North America| San Luis Potosí Mexico North America| Sinaloa Mexico North America| Tabasco Mexico North America| Tamaulipas Mexico North America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Yucatán Mexico North America| Guatemala Central America| Baja Verapaz Guatemala Central America| Chiquimula Guatemala Central America| El Progreso Guatemala Central America| Guatemala Guatemala Central America| Escuintla Guatemala Central America| Izabal Guatemala Central America| Jalapa Guatemala Central America| Petén Guatemala Central America| Quiché Guatemala Central America| Santa Rosa Guatemala Central America| Zacapa Guatemala Central America| Belize Central America| Cayo Belize Central America| Stann Creek Belize Central America| Toledo Belize Central America| Honduras Central America| Comayagua Honduras Central America| El Paraíso Honduras Central America| Morazán Honduras Central America| Olancho Honduras Central America| Santa Bárbara Honduras Central America| El Salvador Central America| La Libertad El Salvador Central America| La Unión El Salvador Central America| San Salvador El Salvador Central America| San Vicente El Salvador Central America| Nicaragua Central America| Chontales Nicaragua Central America| Jinotega Nicaragua Central America| Matagalpa Nicaragua Central America| Costa Rica South America| Guanacaste Costa Rica Central America| Puntarenas Costa Rica Central America| Panama Central America| Coclé Panamá Central America| Panamá Panama Central America| Veraguas Panama Central America| Bahamas South America| South Andros Bahamas South America| Cat Island Bahamas South America| Central Eleuthera Bahamas South America| Cuba South America| La Habana Cuba South America| Isla de Piños Cuba South America| Villa Clara Cuba South America| Piñar del Río Cuba South America| Jamaica South America| Haiti South America| Dominican Republic South America| Puerto Rico South America| Virgin Islands South America| Saint Croix Virgin Islands of the United States South America| Saint Thomas Virgin Islands of the United States South America| Antigua and Barbuda South America| Antigua and Barbuda South America| Montserrat South America| St.Martin-St.Barthélémy South America| Saint Kitts and Nevis South America| Barbados South America| Dominica South America| Grenada South America| Guadeloupe South America| Martinique South America| Saint Lucia South America| Aruba South America| Bonaire South America| Colombia South America| Magdalena Colombia South America| Tolima Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Falcón Venezuela South America| Lara Venezuela South America| Yaracuy Venezuela South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America|