Taxon Details: Swartzia oriximinaensis R.S.Cowan
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Family:
Fabaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Fabaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Swartzia oriximinaensis R.S.Cowan
Swartzia oriximinaensis R.S.Cowan
Primary Citation:
Brittonia 37: 304. 1985
Brittonia 37: 304. 1985
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Author: Benjamin M. Torke
Type: Brazil, Pará, Mun. Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, margem esquerda, em frente a Mineraçã Santa Patricia, 13 Jul 1980 (fl), C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 1484 (holotype: INPA-94.985; isotypes: NY, RB, US).
Description: Tree, to 12 m+; trunk to 10 cm+; young branchlets thinly to densely tawny-strigulose, glabrescent. Leaves unifoliolate, usually with the apex of the petiole non-pulvinar and rachis-like; stipules ca. 0.2-0.4 x 0.1-0.2 mm, triangular, strigulose abaxially, glabrescent, caducous; petiole 2-3.8 mm, unwinged, sometimes marginate or auriculate beyond the pulvinus adaxially, glabrous to sparsely strigulose, more densely so in young leaves, the pulvinus 1.3-2.5 mm; stipels, absent or minute; petiolules 0.9-2.6 mm, glabrous to sparsely strigulose, more densely so in young leaves; laminas 2.5-4.1 x longer than wide, (3.5-) 5.5-13.5 x (1.4-) 1.8-5.1 cm, chartaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, the base rounded-obtuse, the apex caudo-acuminate, the acumen rounded or retuse, often briefly mucronate, ca. 5-20 mm long, the adaxial surface glabrous, the abaxial surface glabrescent, often sparingly strigulose on midrib, the midrib depressed adaxially, raised abaxially, other venation more or less immersed adaxially, prominulous abaxially, the ca. 7-10 secondary veins initially ascending at 20-40°, curving upward progressively and forming loose submarginal loops with 1-several included intersecondary veins semiparallel to secondaries. Inflorescences simple racemes, borne from annotinous portion of branches, to ca. 15-flowered; axes ca. 4-9 cm, densely tawny-strigulose; bracts 0.4-0.7 x 0.4-0.7 mm, triangular to broadly ovate, densely strigulose abaxially; pedicels 9.8-14.8 mm, dorso-ventrally compressed, densely tawny-strigulose; bracteoles 0.4-0.6 mm, opposite to subopposite, inserted in distal quarter of pedicel, ovate to triangular; flower buds 9.1-11.2 x 6.8-10.6 mm, ellipsoid, weakly umbonate, thinly to somewhat densely strigulose. Calyx segments 3 in number, ca. 12 x 6.5-11 mm, subequal, more or less elliptic, strongly recurved, glabrous adaxially, thinly to somewhat densely strigulose abaxially. Petal yellow, glabrous; claw ca. 3.5 mm; limb orbicular, the base subcordate to truncate, ca. 16.9 x 18.1 mm. Stamens glabrous, dimorphic, of two sizes; larger stamens ca. 11 in number, the filaments ca. 22.5 mm, dorso-ventrally compressed basally, tapering apically, the anthers ca. 1.8 x 0.9-1.2 mm, elliptic to oblong in outline; smaller stamens ca. 287 in number, the filaments 5.9-15.6 mm, the anthers 0.8-1.2 x 0.9-1.1 mm, elliptic to rotund in outline. Gynoecium green to purplish; stipe ca. 8.6 mm, linear-cylindrical, slightly dilated at base and apex, arcuate, glabrous; ovary 6.9-8.5 x 1.8 mm, inequilaterally oblong-elliptic in outline, arcuate, glabrous or very sparsely malpighio-strigulose on the lateral faces, otherwise glabrous, the locule glabrous; ovules ca. 8; style 4.8-7.5 mm, terminal, arcuate, basally dilated, poorly separated from the ovary, glabrous; stigma punctiform. Fruits unknown.
Common names: Coração de negro (Portuguese); geographical location: Pará, Brazil; source: Miana de Faria & Fonseca SMF1102.
Distribution: The three existing collections of S. oriximinaensis were made in the mid to lower basin of the Trombetas River in western Pará, Brazil. A photograph of the species (Antônio Elielson Rocha, photographer) was taken in the adjacent upper drainage of the Nhamunda River, which forms the border between the states of Pará and Amazonas north of the Amazon River.
Ecology: The species occurs in upland "terra firme" sites on humid clay soils and also in seasonally inundated "varzea" forest within clearwater and blackwater river drainages. Nodules were found to be lacking in the roots of the single individual examined (Miana de Faria & Fonseca SMF1102).
Phenology: Flowering has been observed in March and July.
Taxonomic notes: Although it has not been sampled in phylogenetic studies, S. oriximinaensis was assigned to S. sect. Recurvae by Torke and Mansano (2009). In the protologue, Cowan (1985), suggested a close relationship with S. hostmannii, from which it differs in having the petiole unwinged (versus winged or auriculate), somewhat smaller bracts and bracteoles, and a glabrous or nearly glabrous (versus densely sericeous) ovary. In addition, it is also closely related to S. aptera, from which it differs in having unifoliolate (versus trifoliolate) leaves, shorter pedicels, pubescent (versus glabrous) flower buds, less numerous larger and smaller stamens, and a longer style. These three species, all with distributions restricted to drainage systems originating in the Guiana Shield, are unusual in the section in having relatively large flowers, numerous stamens, and elongate gynoecia, with the ovary proportionately more narrow and the style relatively longer than in other members of the section. The restricted distribution of S. oriximinaensis in the Trombetas and adjacent drainages is mirrored by the ranges of at least three other species of the genus: S. duckei, S. ingens and an undescribed species of section Swartzia (Prance et al. 22235, 22253).
Uses: No uses have been recorded.
Etymology: The epithet recalls the municipality of Oriximiná, from which the species was first collected.
Conservation status: Data are insufficient to make a definitive assessment. Although the documented geographical distribution of S. oriximinaensis is relatively small and the species is apparently rare, natural ecosystems within the region from which it has been documented remain largely intact. It has been found or is to be expected in several nominally protected areas, including the Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve and the Trombetas and Faro State Forests.
References: Cowan, R. S. 1985. Studies in tropical American Leguminosae-IX. Brittonia 37: 291-304; Torke, B. M. & V. F. Mansano. 2009. A phylogentically based sectional classification of Swartzia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Taxon 58: 913 - 924.
Author: Benjamin M. Torke
Type: Brazil, Pará, Mun. Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, margem esquerda, em frente a Mineraçã Santa Patricia, 13 Jul 1980 (fl), C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 1484 (holotype: INPA-94.985; isotypes: NY, RB, US).
Description: Tree, to 12 m+; trunk to 10 cm+; young branchlets thinly to densely tawny-strigulose, glabrescent. Leaves unifoliolate, usually with the apex of the petiole non-pulvinar and rachis-like; stipules ca. 0.2-0.4 x 0.1-0.2 mm, triangular, strigulose abaxially, glabrescent, caducous; petiole 2-3.8 mm, unwinged, sometimes marginate or auriculate beyond the pulvinus adaxially, glabrous to sparsely strigulose, more densely so in young leaves, the pulvinus 1.3-2.5 mm; stipels, absent or minute; petiolules 0.9-2.6 mm, glabrous to sparsely strigulose, more densely so in young leaves; laminas 2.5-4.1 x longer than wide, (3.5-) 5.5-13.5 x (1.4-) 1.8-5.1 cm, chartaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, the base rounded-obtuse, the apex caudo-acuminate, the acumen rounded or retuse, often briefly mucronate, ca. 5-20 mm long, the adaxial surface glabrous, the abaxial surface glabrescent, often sparingly strigulose on midrib, the midrib depressed adaxially, raised abaxially, other venation more or less immersed adaxially, prominulous abaxially, the ca. 7-10 secondary veins initially ascending at 20-40°, curving upward progressively and forming loose submarginal loops with 1-several included intersecondary veins semiparallel to secondaries. Inflorescences simple racemes, borne from annotinous portion of branches, to ca. 15-flowered; axes ca. 4-9 cm, densely tawny-strigulose; bracts 0.4-0.7 x 0.4-0.7 mm, triangular to broadly ovate, densely strigulose abaxially; pedicels 9.8-14.8 mm, dorso-ventrally compressed, densely tawny-strigulose; bracteoles 0.4-0.6 mm, opposite to subopposite, inserted in distal quarter of pedicel, ovate to triangular; flower buds 9.1-11.2 x 6.8-10.6 mm, ellipsoid, weakly umbonate, thinly to somewhat densely strigulose. Calyx segments 3 in number, ca. 12 x 6.5-11 mm, subequal, more or less elliptic, strongly recurved, glabrous adaxially, thinly to somewhat densely strigulose abaxially. Petal yellow, glabrous; claw ca. 3.5 mm; limb orbicular, the base subcordate to truncate, ca. 16.9 x 18.1 mm. Stamens glabrous, dimorphic, of two sizes; larger stamens ca. 11 in number, the filaments ca. 22.5 mm, dorso-ventrally compressed basally, tapering apically, the anthers ca. 1.8 x 0.9-1.2 mm, elliptic to oblong in outline; smaller stamens ca. 287 in number, the filaments 5.9-15.6 mm, the anthers 0.8-1.2 x 0.9-1.1 mm, elliptic to rotund in outline. Gynoecium green to purplish; stipe ca. 8.6 mm, linear-cylindrical, slightly dilated at base and apex, arcuate, glabrous; ovary 6.9-8.5 x 1.8 mm, inequilaterally oblong-elliptic in outline, arcuate, glabrous or very sparsely malpighio-strigulose on the lateral faces, otherwise glabrous, the locule glabrous; ovules ca. 8; style 4.8-7.5 mm, terminal, arcuate, basally dilated, poorly separated from the ovary, glabrous; stigma punctiform. Fruits unknown.
Common names: Coração de negro (Portuguese); geographical location: Pará, Brazil; source: Miana de Faria & Fonseca SMF1102.
Distribution: The three existing collections of S. oriximinaensis were made in the mid to lower basin of the Trombetas River in western Pará, Brazil. A photograph of the species (Antônio Elielson Rocha, photographer) was taken in the adjacent upper drainage of the Nhamunda River, which forms the border between the states of Pará and Amazonas north of the Amazon River.
Ecology: The species occurs in upland "terra firme" sites on humid clay soils and also in seasonally inundated "varzea" forest within clearwater and blackwater river drainages. Nodules were found to be lacking in the roots of the single individual examined (Miana de Faria & Fonseca SMF1102).
Phenology: Flowering has been observed in March and July.
Taxonomic notes: Although it has not been sampled in phylogenetic studies, S. oriximinaensis was assigned to S. sect. Recurvae by Torke and Mansano (2009). In the protologue, Cowan (1985), suggested a close relationship with S. hostmannii, from which it differs in having the petiole unwinged (versus winged or auriculate), somewhat smaller bracts and bracteoles, and a glabrous or nearly glabrous (versus densely sericeous) ovary. In addition, it is also closely related to S. aptera, from which it differs in having unifoliolate (versus trifoliolate) leaves, shorter pedicels, pubescent (versus glabrous) flower buds, less numerous larger and smaller stamens, and a longer style. These three species, all with distributions restricted to drainage systems originating in the Guiana Shield, are unusual in the section in having relatively large flowers, numerous stamens, and elongate gynoecia, with the ovary proportionately more narrow and the style relatively longer than in other members of the section. The restricted distribution of S. oriximinaensis in the Trombetas and adjacent drainages is mirrored by the ranges of at least three other species of the genus: S. duckei, S. ingens and an undescribed species of section Swartzia (Prance et al. 22235, 22253).
Uses: No uses have been recorded.
Etymology: The epithet recalls the municipality of Oriximiná, from which the species was first collected.
Conservation status: Data are insufficient to make a definitive assessment. Although the documented geographical distribution of S. oriximinaensis is relatively small and the species is apparently rare, natural ecosystems within the region from which it has been documented remain largely intact. It has been found or is to be expected in several nominally protected areas, including the Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve and the Trombetas and Faro State Forests.
References: Cowan, R. S. 1985. Studies in tropical American Leguminosae-IX. Brittonia 37: 291-304; Torke, B. M. & V. F. Mansano. 2009. A phylogentically based sectional classification of Swartzia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Taxon 58: 913 - 924.