Taxon Details: Swartzia caudata R.S.Cowan
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Family:
Fabaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Fabaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Swartzia caudata R.S.Cowan
Swartzia caudata R.S.Cowan
Primary Citation:
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 1: 122. 1967
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 1: 122. 1967
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Authors: Benjamin M. Torke and Vidal de Freitas Mansano
Type: Venezuela. Amazonas: near the base of Cerro Duida, at north end, upper Rio Cunucunuma, 26 Nov 1950 (fl), B. Maguire, R. S. Cowan & J. J. Wurdack 29734 (holotype: US-2253818; isotypes: COL, F, K, NY).
Description: Tree to 20 m; trunk to 30 cm in diameter; young branchlets glabrous to moderately minute-strigulose. Leaves imparipinnate, with (2-) 3-4 (-5) pairs of opposite to subopposite lateral leaflets, occasionally with the terminal leaflet abortive; stipules foliaceous, ovate to elliptic, often falcate, venulose with parallel veins, 8-22 x 1.5-10 mm, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely strigulose adaxially, caducous; petioles naked to weakly marginate adaxially, 11-35 (-52) mm, glabrous to thinly minute-strigulose, pulvinus (3.2-) 5-10 (-13) mm; rachis naked to narrowly marginate adaxially, (7.5-) 11-27 cm, glabrous to thinly minute strigulose; stipels minute or not apparent, triangular, ca. 0.2-0.8 mm; petiolules 3-8 mm, glabrous to moderately minute-strigulose; leaflet blades chartaceous, elliptic, 2.1-3 x as long as wide, (4.5-) 6.5-23 (-26.5) x (1.8) 2.5-9 (-11) cm, base acute to rounded-obtuse, apex caudo-acuminate, acumen pointed or rounded, 8-30 mm, upper surface glabrous, lower surface usually with a whitish, grayish or brownish sheen from the thin to somewhat dense minutely malphigio-strigulose pubescence, midrib raised on both surfaces, higher order veins immersed to slightly raised above, salient below, the secondary veins ca. 8-12, usually somewhat impressed above, ascending at 26-43°, curving distally and forming conspicuous submarginal loops with 1-several intersecondary and tertiary veins included and parallel to the secondaries. Inflorescences simple or compound racemes with a single order of branching, often 2-several-fascicled, borne in leaf axils or on defoliate portion of branches or trunks; primary axes 5-15 cm, densely grayish or ferruginous minute-strigulose; bracts triangular or ovate-lanceolate to broadly elliptic or obovate, often somewhat spatulate, 3.1-8.3 x 1.1-4.9 mm, glabrous adaxially, minute-strigulose abaxially, often caducous; pedicels dorso-ventrally compressed, distally dilated, 3-6.4 mm, densely grayish or ferruginous minute-strigulose; bracteoles more or less opposite, usually inserted near center or in distal half of pedicel, triangular or ovate-lanceolate to broadly elliptic or obovate, often somewhat spatulate, 2.6-4.7 mm, minute-strigulose abaxially, often caducous; flower buds ovoid to ellipsoid, sometimes oblate, apically umbonate, 4.9-7.7 x 4.7-7.4 mm, usually costate, densely grayish or ferruginous minute-strigulose. Calyx light green and glabrous adaxially, grayish to ferruginuous minute-strigulose abaxially; segments 3-5, subequal, ovate to elliptic, deflexed, 3.5-7.5 x 2.2-6.7 mm. Petal yellow, glabrous; claw 2.7-6.5 mm; blade elliptic to orbicular or oblate, the base obtuse to truncate, (5.3-) 9.5-14 x (5.7-) 7.3-18 mm. Androecium glabrous, the stamens dimorphic, arranged in two groups; stamens of the abaxial group larger than the others, ca. 8-11, filaments yellow, dorso-ventrally compressed, ca. 7.2-10 mm, anthers elliptic in outline, 1.3-1.6 x 0.7-1.1 mm; stamens of the adaxial group ca. 150-160, filaments yellow, (2.6-) 4.5-8 mm, anthers elliptic in outline, 0.7-1.3 x 0.5-1 mm. Gynoecium glabrous; stipe terete, (3.5-) 5.1-10.4 mm; ovary pale green, inequilaterally arcuate-elliptic, laterally compressed, (4.3-) 5.4-6.5 x (1.7-) 1.9-2.5 mm, locule glabrous, ovules ca. 7-8; style obliquely terminal, straight or recurved, 1.4-2.7 mm; stigma punctiform. Fruits pale gray-green, glabrous; stipe 7-11.5 mm; body ellipsoid to somewhat obovoid, terminally apiculate by persistent style, 2.5-3.8 x 1.7-2.7 cm. Seeds 1, reniform-ellipsoid, 2.4-3.2 x 1.2-1.4 cm; aril convex-elliptic, usually somewhat bilobed, otherwise entire-margined, ca. 2.2-3 cm long, enclosing adaxial half to nearly all of seed.
Common names: "Shi-ña-teu" (language unknown); geographical location: Venezuela; source: Steyermark & Delascio 129360.
Distribution: Swartzia caudata is known from the Venezuelan state of Amazonas in the upper Rio Orinoco basin, from Rio Ventuari to Rio Padamo, with a number of collections made along the Rio Cunucunuma near the base of Cerro Duida. It has also been collected in the upper Rio Negro drainage in Amazonas, Brazil, near the southern base of Pico Neblina and in the vicinity of São Gabriel da Cachoeira. It is unclear whether the apparent disjunction between Venezuelan and Brazilian populations is real or an artifact of sampling. The species occurs below 900 m elevation.
Ecology: The species occurs in rainforest, often near rivers, on rocky banks or alluvial plains. It may be attractive to ants (Steyermark & Delascio 129360).
Phenology: Flowering has been observed from November to April, fruits from January to April.
Taxonomic notes: Swartzia caudata is a member of S. section Recurvae. Within its geographical range, it might be confused with the closely related species S. cuspidata from which it differs in its shorter pedicels, densely micro-strigulose (versus glabrous or essentially so) lower leaflet surface and typically single-seeded (versus one- to three-seeded) fruits.
Uses: No uses have been recorded.
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the strongly caudo-acuminate leaflet apex.
Conservation status: Swartzia caudata is found in remote parts of Amazonian Venezuela and Brazil, where the bulk of the forest remains intact. It is probably not currently threatened.
Authors: Benjamin M. Torke and Vidal de Freitas Mansano
Type: Venezuela. Amazonas: near the base of Cerro Duida, at north end, upper Rio Cunucunuma, 26 Nov 1950 (fl), B. Maguire, R. S. Cowan & J. J. Wurdack 29734 (holotype: US-2253818; isotypes: COL, F, K, NY).
Description: Tree to 20 m; trunk to 30 cm in diameter; young branchlets glabrous to moderately minute-strigulose. Leaves imparipinnate, with (2-) 3-4 (-5) pairs of opposite to subopposite lateral leaflets, occasionally with the terminal leaflet abortive; stipules foliaceous, ovate to elliptic, often falcate, venulose with parallel veins, 8-22 x 1.5-10 mm, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely strigulose adaxially, caducous; petioles naked to weakly marginate adaxially, 11-35 (-52) mm, glabrous to thinly minute-strigulose, pulvinus (3.2-) 5-10 (-13) mm; rachis naked to narrowly marginate adaxially, (7.5-) 11-27 cm, glabrous to thinly minute strigulose; stipels minute or not apparent, triangular, ca. 0.2-0.8 mm; petiolules 3-8 mm, glabrous to moderately minute-strigulose; leaflet blades chartaceous, elliptic, 2.1-3 x as long as wide, (4.5-) 6.5-23 (-26.5) x (1.8) 2.5-9 (-11) cm, base acute to rounded-obtuse, apex caudo-acuminate, acumen pointed or rounded, 8-30 mm, upper surface glabrous, lower surface usually with a whitish, grayish or brownish sheen from the thin to somewhat dense minutely malphigio-strigulose pubescence, midrib raised on both surfaces, higher order veins immersed to slightly raised above, salient below, the secondary veins ca. 8-12, usually somewhat impressed above, ascending at 26-43°, curving distally and forming conspicuous submarginal loops with 1-several intersecondary and tertiary veins included and parallel to the secondaries. Inflorescences simple or compound racemes with a single order of branching, often 2-several-fascicled, borne in leaf axils or on defoliate portion of branches or trunks; primary axes 5-15 cm, densely grayish or ferruginous minute-strigulose; bracts triangular or ovate-lanceolate to broadly elliptic or obovate, often somewhat spatulate, 3.1-8.3 x 1.1-4.9 mm, glabrous adaxially, minute-strigulose abaxially, often caducous; pedicels dorso-ventrally compressed, distally dilated, 3-6.4 mm, densely grayish or ferruginous minute-strigulose; bracteoles more or less opposite, usually inserted near center or in distal half of pedicel, triangular or ovate-lanceolate to broadly elliptic or obovate, often somewhat spatulate, 2.6-4.7 mm, minute-strigulose abaxially, often caducous; flower buds ovoid to ellipsoid, sometimes oblate, apically umbonate, 4.9-7.7 x 4.7-7.4 mm, usually costate, densely grayish or ferruginous minute-strigulose. Calyx light green and glabrous adaxially, grayish to ferruginuous minute-strigulose abaxially; segments 3-5, subequal, ovate to elliptic, deflexed, 3.5-7.5 x 2.2-6.7 mm. Petal yellow, glabrous; claw 2.7-6.5 mm; blade elliptic to orbicular or oblate, the base obtuse to truncate, (5.3-) 9.5-14 x (5.7-) 7.3-18 mm. Androecium glabrous, the stamens dimorphic, arranged in two groups; stamens of the abaxial group larger than the others, ca. 8-11, filaments yellow, dorso-ventrally compressed, ca. 7.2-10 mm, anthers elliptic in outline, 1.3-1.6 x 0.7-1.1 mm; stamens of the adaxial group ca. 150-160, filaments yellow, (2.6-) 4.5-8 mm, anthers elliptic in outline, 0.7-1.3 x 0.5-1 mm. Gynoecium glabrous; stipe terete, (3.5-) 5.1-10.4 mm; ovary pale green, inequilaterally arcuate-elliptic, laterally compressed, (4.3-) 5.4-6.5 x (1.7-) 1.9-2.5 mm, locule glabrous, ovules ca. 7-8; style obliquely terminal, straight or recurved, 1.4-2.7 mm; stigma punctiform. Fruits pale gray-green, glabrous; stipe 7-11.5 mm; body ellipsoid to somewhat obovoid, terminally apiculate by persistent style, 2.5-3.8 x 1.7-2.7 cm. Seeds 1, reniform-ellipsoid, 2.4-3.2 x 1.2-1.4 cm; aril convex-elliptic, usually somewhat bilobed, otherwise entire-margined, ca. 2.2-3 cm long, enclosing adaxial half to nearly all of seed.
Common names: "Shi-ña-teu" (language unknown); geographical location: Venezuela; source: Steyermark & Delascio 129360.
Distribution: Swartzia caudata is known from the Venezuelan state of Amazonas in the upper Rio Orinoco basin, from Rio Ventuari to Rio Padamo, with a number of collections made along the Rio Cunucunuma near the base of Cerro Duida. It has also been collected in the upper Rio Negro drainage in Amazonas, Brazil, near the southern base of Pico Neblina and in the vicinity of São Gabriel da Cachoeira. It is unclear whether the apparent disjunction between Venezuelan and Brazilian populations is real or an artifact of sampling. The species occurs below 900 m elevation.
Ecology: The species occurs in rainforest, often near rivers, on rocky banks or alluvial plains. It may be attractive to ants (Steyermark & Delascio 129360).
Phenology: Flowering has been observed from November to April, fruits from January to April.
Taxonomic notes: Swartzia caudata is a member of S. section Recurvae. Within its geographical range, it might be confused with the closely related species S. cuspidata from which it differs in its shorter pedicels, densely micro-strigulose (versus glabrous or essentially so) lower leaflet surface and typically single-seeded (versus one- to three-seeded) fruits.
Uses: No uses have been recorded.
Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the strongly caudo-acuminate leaflet apex.
Conservation status: Swartzia caudata is found in remote parts of Amazonian Venezuela and Brazil, where the bulk of the forest remains intact. It is probably not currently threatened.
Flora and Monograph Treatment(s):
Swartzia caudata R.S.Cowan: [Article] Cowan, Richard S. 1967. Swartzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae Swartzieae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 1: 3-228.
Swartzia caudata R.S.Cowan: [Article] Cowan, Richard S. 1967. Swartzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae Swartzieae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 1: 3-228.