Taxon Details: Swartzia phaneroptera Standl.
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Family:
Fabaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Fabaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Swartzia phaneroptera Standl.
Swartzia phaneroptera Standl.
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Author: Benjamin M. Torke
Type: Honduras. Colón: Guarunta, Wispernini Camp, 25 Mar 1938 (fr), C. von Hagen & W. von Hagen 1394 (holotype: F; isotype: NY).
Description: Tree or shrub, typically to 8 (-25) m; young branchlets glabrous to moderately strigulose. Stipules narrowly triangular to lanceolate, 1.3-2.5 mm, minute-strigulose externally. Leaves imparipinnate, with 3-5 pairs of lateral leaflets; petioles distinctly winged above, 4-11 (-13.5) cm, glabrous to sparsely strigulose; rachis distinctly winged above, stipellate at leaflets, 11-28 cm, glabrous to sparsely strigulose, wings to 5-11 mm wide; stipels scarcely distinct from wings; petiolules 1.5-4 mm, glabrous to strigulose; leaflet blades chartaceous, oblong-elliptic to obovate, the terminal 11-22 (-26) x 4.7-9 cm, the lateral (5-) 11.5-23.5 x (2.7-) 3.7-8 cm, base broadly acute, apex obtuse-rounded to acuminate, upper surface glabrous or nearly so, lower surface sparsely to moderately strigulose, midrib and other veins raised on both surfaces, with the higher order veins reticulate. Inflorescences borne on defoliate portion of branches or in leaf axils; axes ca. 10 cm, densely strigulose; bracts triangular, 0.5-1.3 mm, strigulose abaxially, estipulate; pedicels 6-10 mm, moderately to densely strigulose; bracteoles lacking; flower buds ellipsoid, ca. 7.1-8.1 x 6-7 mm. Calyx glabrous internally, stigulose externally; segments ca. 4, ca. 9 x 4-7 mm. Corolla lacking. Stamens >100, glabrous, polymorphic, but with intergradations between sizes, filaments 7-15.5 mm, anthers elliptic to oblong in outline, 1.2-1.9 mm. Gynoecium with stipe ca. 5-6 mm and densely strigose, except at the extreme base; ovary arcuate, narrowly oblong-fusiform in outline, ca. 13-17 x 1.8-1.9 mm, densely strigulose; style terminal, ca. 1-3 mm, basally strigulose; stigma capitellate. Fruits maturing yellow to orange, incompletely strigulose, glabrescent; stipe 5-12 mm; body moniliform, 8-27 x 1.7-2.3 cm, seed chambers ellipsoid, base and apex strongly attenuate. Seeds 1-8, ellipsoid or obovoid, ca. 2.4-3 x 0.8-1.2 cm; aril bright red, covering ca. three-fourths of seed on micropylar side.
Common names: Costilla de macho (Spanish); geographic location: Nicaragua; source: Ortiz 369; Neill 4408.
Distribution: Caribbean lowlands and intermountain valleys in Western Honduras and Northwestern Nicaragua, at less than 1000 m elevation. A sterile specimen from Guatemala (Egler 42-269) that was mistakenly cited as S. phaneroptera by Cowan (1968) is undoubtedly S. cubensis.
Ecology: Swartzia phaneroptera occurs in coastal Pinus caribaea savanna, mixed forests, and in humid tropical evergreen broadleaf forests, on level or hilly terrain. One collection (Pipoly 4399) was taken from limestone cliffs, another from cutover secondary forest (Torke & Pérez 362). Pollinators and dispersers are unknown, although the flowers appear to be adapted to bee pollination, while the bright-red arils are likely to be eaten by birds.
Phenology: Flowers are known from August, mature fruits from March, April, June and August.
Taxonomic notes: Swartzia phaneroptera belongs to the Central American apetalous clade of Swartzia section Terminales. Within this group the species is characterized by the combination of a distinctly winged leaf rachis, adaxially raised leaflet venation, a densely pubescent ovary, and typically multi-seeded moniliform fruits. The distribution of S. phaneroptera is similar to that of S. sumorum, but the later species has an unwinged leaf rachis, impressed venation on the leaflets adaxially, much smaller flowers, an essentially glabrous ovary, and typically single or bi-seeded fruits.
Uses: No uses have been recorded.
Conservation status: Data are insufficient to make a formal assessment of the conservation status of S. phaneroptera. As of 2011, the species is known from fewer than 20 collections. Swartzia phaneroptera appears to have a fairly large geographical distribution, but natural habitats throughout its range are severely threatened by rampant and ongoing conversion to regularly burned cattle pasture that is dominated by invasive plant species. During a fieldtrip in northwestern Nicaragua in 2005, Torke encountered S. phaneroptera on a single occasion in a cutover forest remnant in a pasture-dominated landscape. He was unable to relocate the species at several sites where it had been previously collected, which are now devoid of native vegetation. The species has not been recorded from any protected areas.
Author: Benjamin M. Torke
Type: Honduras. Colón: Guarunta, Wispernini Camp, 25 Mar 1938 (fr), C. von Hagen & W. von Hagen 1394 (holotype: F; isotype: NY).
Description: Tree or shrub, typically to 8 (-25) m; young branchlets glabrous to moderately strigulose. Stipules narrowly triangular to lanceolate, 1.3-2.5 mm, minute-strigulose externally. Leaves imparipinnate, with 3-5 pairs of lateral leaflets; petioles distinctly winged above, 4-11 (-13.5) cm, glabrous to sparsely strigulose; rachis distinctly winged above, stipellate at leaflets, 11-28 cm, glabrous to sparsely strigulose, wings to 5-11 mm wide; stipels scarcely distinct from wings; petiolules 1.5-4 mm, glabrous to strigulose; leaflet blades chartaceous, oblong-elliptic to obovate, the terminal 11-22 (-26) x 4.7-9 cm, the lateral (5-) 11.5-23.5 x (2.7-) 3.7-8 cm, base broadly acute, apex obtuse-rounded to acuminate, upper surface glabrous or nearly so, lower surface sparsely to moderately strigulose, midrib and other veins raised on both surfaces, with the higher order veins reticulate. Inflorescences borne on defoliate portion of branches or in leaf axils; axes ca. 10 cm, densely strigulose; bracts triangular, 0.5-1.3 mm, strigulose abaxially, estipulate; pedicels 6-10 mm, moderately to densely strigulose; bracteoles lacking; flower buds ellipsoid, ca. 7.1-8.1 x 6-7 mm. Calyx glabrous internally, stigulose externally; segments ca. 4, ca. 9 x 4-7 mm. Corolla lacking. Stamens >100, glabrous, polymorphic, but with intergradations between sizes, filaments 7-15.5 mm, anthers elliptic to oblong in outline, 1.2-1.9 mm. Gynoecium with stipe ca. 5-6 mm and densely strigose, except at the extreme base; ovary arcuate, narrowly oblong-fusiform in outline, ca. 13-17 x 1.8-1.9 mm, densely strigulose; style terminal, ca. 1-3 mm, basally strigulose; stigma capitellate. Fruits maturing yellow to orange, incompletely strigulose, glabrescent; stipe 5-12 mm; body moniliform, 8-27 x 1.7-2.3 cm, seed chambers ellipsoid, base and apex strongly attenuate. Seeds 1-8, ellipsoid or obovoid, ca. 2.4-3 x 0.8-1.2 cm; aril bright red, covering ca. three-fourths of seed on micropylar side.
Common names: Costilla de macho (Spanish); geographic location: Nicaragua; source: Ortiz 369; Neill 4408.
Distribution: Caribbean lowlands and intermountain valleys in Western Honduras and Northwestern Nicaragua, at less than 1000 m elevation. A sterile specimen from Guatemala (Egler 42-269) that was mistakenly cited as S. phaneroptera by Cowan (1968) is undoubtedly S. cubensis.
Ecology: Swartzia phaneroptera occurs in coastal Pinus caribaea savanna, mixed forests, and in humid tropical evergreen broadleaf forests, on level or hilly terrain. One collection (Pipoly 4399) was taken from limestone cliffs, another from cutover secondary forest (Torke & Pérez 362). Pollinators and dispersers are unknown, although the flowers appear to be adapted to bee pollination, while the bright-red arils are likely to be eaten by birds.
Phenology: Flowers are known from August, mature fruits from March, April, June and August.
Taxonomic notes: Swartzia phaneroptera belongs to the Central American apetalous clade of Swartzia section Terminales. Within this group the species is characterized by the combination of a distinctly winged leaf rachis, adaxially raised leaflet venation, a densely pubescent ovary, and typically multi-seeded moniliform fruits. The distribution of S. phaneroptera is similar to that of S. sumorum, but the later species has an unwinged leaf rachis, impressed venation on the leaflets adaxially, much smaller flowers, an essentially glabrous ovary, and typically single or bi-seeded fruits.
Uses: No uses have been recorded.
Conservation status: Data are insufficient to make a formal assessment of the conservation status of S. phaneroptera. As of 2011, the species is known from fewer than 20 collections. Swartzia phaneroptera appears to have a fairly large geographical distribution, but natural habitats throughout its range are severely threatened by rampant and ongoing conversion to regularly burned cattle pasture that is dominated by invasive plant species. During a fieldtrip in northwestern Nicaragua in 2005, Torke encountered S. phaneroptera on a single occasion in a cutover forest remnant in a pasture-dominated landscape. He was unable to relocate the species at several sites where it had been previously collected, which are now devoid of native vegetation. The species has not been recorded from any protected areas.
Flora and Monograph Treatment(s):
Swartzia phaneroptera Standl.: [Article] Cowan, Richard S. 1967. Swartzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae Swartzieae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 1: 3-228.
Swartzia phaneroptera Standl.: [Article] Cowan, Richard S. 1967. Swartzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae Swartzieae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 1: 3-228.