Mickel, John T. & Smith, Alan R. 2004. The pteridophytes of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 1-1054.
Pteridaceae
Species Description - Rhizomes stout, erect; rhizome scales 1–2 x 0.5–0.8 mm, bicolorous, centers black, heavily sclerified, margins wide, brown, fringed; fronds 0.8–2.5 m tall; stipes ca. 1/2 the frond length, stramineous, glabrous; blades bipinnate to deeply pinnatepinnatifid, slightly pedate, pinna axils smooth; ultimate segments 3–6 cm long, bases cuneate, apices acute to acuminate, sterile margins serrate, the teeth slightly mucronate, sinuses symmetrical, adaxial surfaces glabrous, abaxial surfaces with scattered brown hairs 0.5 mm long along midribs; rachis awns absent or reduced to a minute bump; pinna awns 0.3–1 mm long; veins anastomosing with 2–5 areoles between costules, usually one row of areoles along costules, extending to base of sinuses; indusia 0.5 mm wide, whitened, entire; sporangia mixed with paraphyses 0.1–0.3 mm long; spores reddish brown; 2n=166 (Jam, Ver).
Type. Puerto Rico. Ledru s.n. (P-Lam.!).
Pteris kunzeana J. Agardh, Recens. Spec. Pter. 62. 1839. Litobrochia kunzeana (J. Agardh) Fe´e, Me´m. Foug. 5: 135. 1852. Syntypes. French Guiana. Leprieur s.n. (G-Delessert); “ad Cayennam,” Richard s.n. (P); Peru, Matthews s.n. (K!, frag. NY), Poeppig [225] (K!; isosyntype B, frag. NY!). Litobrochia grandis Fe´e, Me´m. Foug. 8: 75. 1857. Syntypes. Mexico. [Veracruz:] Barranca de San Francisco, (Mirador), Schaffner 144 [1854] (P); Cuba. Morelet s.n. (P); Saint Dominique [Dominican Republic]. de Tussac s.n. (P). Pteris protea Liebm., Mexic. Bregn. 228 (reprint 76). 1849. Syntypes. Mexico. Veracruz: Colipa, Liebmann s.n. [Pl. Mex. 2728, Fl. Mex. 758, 759], Pital to Ri´o Nautla, [Pl. Mex. 2729, Fl. Mex. 760], between Colipa and Misantla [Pl. Mex. 2730, Fl. Mex. 557] (all C!; isosyntypes BM, K).
Pteris altissima is distinguished among the bi- or tripinnatifid awn-bearing taxa by the netted venation with 2–5 areoles between adjacent costules, parallel to costae. Smith (1981) reported intermediates between this species and Pteris orizabae from Chiapas, although none have been found elsewhere in Mexico
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