Monographs Details:
Authority:
Berg, Cornelius C. 2001. Moreae, Artocarpeae, and (Moraceae): With introductions to the family and and with additions and corrections to Flora Neotropica Monograph 7. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 83: 1-346. (Published by NYBG Press)
Berg, Cornelius C. 2001. Moreae, Artocarpeae, and
Family:
Moraceae
Moraceae
Synonyms:
Pseudosorocea poeppigii Baill., Acanthinophyllum strepitans Allemão, Sahagunia racemifera Huber, Aliteria sagotii Benoist, Sorocea stenophylla Standl., Clarisia spruceana Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. guianensis Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. paraensis (Allemão) Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. micranthera Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. cuyunensis Lanj., Excoecaria ilicifolia Spreng., Acanthinophyllum ilicifolia (Spreng.) W.C.Burger, Sahagunia strepitans Engl., Clarisia strepitans (Allemão) Lanj., Acanthinophyllum spruceanum (Lanj.) W.C.Burger, Clarisia ilicifolia var. guianensis (Lanj.) Lanj. & Rossberg, Clarisia ilicifolia var. paraensis (Lanj.) Lanj. & Rossberg, Clarisia ilicifolia var. micranthera (Warb.) Lanj. & Rossberg, Clarisia ilicifolia var. cuyunensis (Lanj.) Lanj. & Rossberg
Pseudosorocea poeppigii Baill., Acanthinophyllum strepitans Allemão, Sahagunia racemifera Huber, Aliteria sagotii Benoist, Sorocea stenophylla Standl., Clarisia spruceana Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. guianensis Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. paraensis (Allemão) Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. micranthera Lanj., Clarisia strepitans var. cuyunensis Lanj., Excoecaria ilicifolia Spreng., Acanthinophyllum ilicifolia (Spreng.) W.C.Burger, Sahagunia strepitans Engl., Clarisia strepitans (Allemão) Lanj., Acanthinophyllum spruceanum (Lanj.) W.C.Burger, Clarisia ilicifolia var. guianensis (Lanj.) Lanj. & Rossberg, Clarisia ilicifolia var. paraensis (Lanj.) Lanj. & Rossberg, Clarisia ilicifolia var. micranthera (Warb.) Lanj. & Rossberg, Clarisia ilicifolia var. cuyunensis (Lanj.) Lanj. & Rossberg
Description:
Species Description - Shrub or tree, sometimes to 20 m tall. Leafy twigs 1-4 mm thick, puberulous, usually with uncinate hairs; periderm often flaking off. Lamina elliptic to (narrowly) lanceolate, (3-)8-33 × (1 -)2.5-12 cm, broadest at or sometimes below the middle, almost equilateral, (sub)coriaceous; apex (caudate-)acuminate, the acumen spinulose; base acute to obtuse; margin entire, spinulose-dentate, sometimes sinuate or lobate; upper surface glabrous; lower surface glabrous or sparsely puberulous with uncinate hairs; midrib distinctly prominent and other veins slightly prominent to plane above, ± prominent beneath; lateral veins (5-)8-20 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate; petiole 0.3-1.5 cm long, 1-2.5 mm thick, often puberulous with uncinate hairs; stipules subulate, 0.1-0.3 cm long, puberulous, caducous. Staminate inflorescences usually on short-shoots (spurs); peduncle to 0.5 cm long, (rather) densely puberulous with uncinate hairs; spike 0.2-2(-6.5) cm long; perianth ca. 0.5 mm long, (2-)3-4-lobed to -parted, minutely puberulous; stamens 1 (-3); filaments ca. 0.5-1.5 mm long; anthers ca. 0.2-0.3 × 0.2-0.3 mm; bracts variously shaped, often subpeltate, minutely puberulous, sometimes with uncinate hairs. Pistillate inflorescences usually on short-shoots (spurs); peduncle to 0.3 cm long, to 2 cm long in fruit, sparsely to densely puberulous with uncinate hairs; head ca. 0.5 cm diam.; flowers 6-20; perianth ca. 1.5-2 mm long, subentire, almost glabrous to rather densely puberulous, sometimes partly with uncinate hairs; ovary (almost) free; style 0.5-1 mm long; stigmas tongueshaped, 1-2 mm long; bracts basal (subtending the marginal flowers), sometimes among the flowers, broadly to narrowly ovate, to 1 mm long, minutely puberulous, often some of the bracts thickened and to 2 mm long in fruit. Fruiting perianth (subglobose to) ellipsoid to oblongoid, 1.2-2 × 0.8-1.3 cm, (yellow to) orange (to red); fruit adnate to the lower part or only to the basal part of the perianth.
Species Description - Shrub or tree, sometimes to 20 m tall. Leafy twigs 1-4 mm thick, puberulous, usually with uncinate hairs; periderm often flaking off. Lamina elliptic to (narrowly) lanceolate, (3-)8-33 × (1 -)2.5-12 cm, broadest at or sometimes below the middle, almost equilateral, (sub)coriaceous; apex (caudate-)acuminate, the acumen spinulose; base acute to obtuse; margin entire, spinulose-dentate, sometimes sinuate or lobate; upper surface glabrous; lower surface glabrous or sparsely puberulous with uncinate hairs; midrib distinctly prominent and other veins slightly prominent to plane above, ± prominent beneath; lateral veins (5-)8-20 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate; petiole 0.3-1.5 cm long, 1-2.5 mm thick, often puberulous with uncinate hairs; stipules subulate, 0.1-0.3 cm long, puberulous, caducous. Staminate inflorescences usually on short-shoots (spurs); peduncle to 0.5 cm long, (rather) densely puberulous with uncinate hairs; spike 0.2-2(-6.5) cm long; perianth ca. 0.5 mm long, (2-)3-4-lobed to -parted, minutely puberulous; stamens 1 (-3); filaments ca. 0.5-1.5 mm long; anthers ca. 0.2-0.3 × 0.2-0.3 mm; bracts variously shaped, often subpeltate, minutely puberulous, sometimes with uncinate hairs. Pistillate inflorescences usually on short-shoots (spurs); peduncle to 0.3 cm long, to 2 cm long in fruit, sparsely to densely puberulous with uncinate hairs; head ca. 0.5 cm diam.; flowers 6-20; perianth ca. 1.5-2 mm long, subentire, almost glabrous to rather densely puberulous, sometimes partly with uncinate hairs; ovary (almost) free; style 0.5-1 mm long; stigmas tongueshaped, 1-2 mm long; bracts basal (subtending the marginal flowers), sometimes among the flowers, broadly to narrowly ovate, to 1 mm long, minutely puberulous, often some of the bracts thickened and to 2 mm long in fruit. Fruiting perianth (subglobose to) ellipsoid to oblongoid, 1.2-2 × 0.8-1.3 cm, (yellow to) orange (to red); fruit adnate to the lower part or only to the basal part of the perianth.
Discussion:
The leaves are very variable in shape, dimensions, and margin. The leaves may resemble those of Sorocea guilleminiana and related species with a spinulose-den-tate margin and acumen. Clarisia ilicifolia can be distinguished from those species by the midrib prominent above. The type collection of C. spruceana has unusually long (2-6.5 cm) staminate inflorescences. Just as in C. biflora, the fruiting perianth varies from oblongoid to globose. According to the label of Meyer 112 (Bolivia), the staminate inflorescences are very fragrant. The fruits are eaten by monkeys and birds (van Roosmalen, 1985).Excluded NameClarisia mollis Standley, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 30: 85. 1943 = Soroceapubivena Hemsley subsp. pubivena.
The leaves are very variable in shape, dimensions, and margin. The leaves may resemble those of Sorocea guilleminiana and related species with a spinulose-den-tate margin and acumen. Clarisia ilicifolia can be distinguished from those species by the midrib prominent above. The type collection of C. spruceana has unusually long (2-6.5 cm) staminate inflorescences. Just as in C. biflora, the fruiting perianth varies from oblongoid to globose. According to the label of Meyer 112 (Bolivia), the staminate inflorescences are very fragrant. The fruits are eaten by monkeys and birds (van Roosmalen, 1985).Excluded NameClarisia mollis Standley, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 30: 85. 1943 = Soroceapubivena Hemsley subsp. pubivena.
Distribution:
Colombia South America| Vaupés Colombia South America| Vichada Colombia South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Bolívar Venezuela South America| Guyana South America| Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Brazil South America| Acre Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Roraima Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Beni Bolivia South America| Pando Bolivia South America|
Colombia South America| Vaupés Colombia South America| Vichada Colombia South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Bolívar Venezuela South America| Guyana South America| Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Brazil South America| Acre Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Maranhão Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Roraima Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Beni Bolivia South America| Pando Bolivia South America|
Common Names:
letterhout, manletterhout, man-redhout, oeman-redhout, hihounahi, janeté, amora branca, almora branca, moracca chocolate, fôlha da serra, hualina, xamamore, xamaroenai
letterhout, manletterhout, man-redhout, oeman-redhout, hihounahi, janeté, amora branca, almora branca, moracca chocolate, fôlha da serra, hualina, xamamore, xamaroenai