Taxon Details: Miconia maculata (Urb. & Ekman) Judd, Bécquer & Majure
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Narratives:
Family:
Melastomataceae (Magnoliophyta)
Melastomataceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Miconia maculata (Urb. & Ekman) Judd, Bécquer & Majure
Miconia maculata (Urb. & Ekman) Judd, Bécquer & Majure
Primary Citation:
Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). XI. A revision of Miconia sect. Calycopteris on Hispaniola
Brittonia 66: 216--249. 2014
Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). XI. A revision of Miconia sect. Calycopteris on Hispaniola
Brittonia 66: 216--249. 2014
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Synonyms:
Calycogonium maculatum Urb. & Ekman
Calycogonium heterophyllum subsp. maculatum (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi
Calycogonium maculatum Urb. & Ekman
Calycogonium heterophyllum subsp. maculatum (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi
Description:
Description Author and Date: Walter S. Judd, Eldis R. Bécquer & Lucas C. Majure modified from "Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). XI. A revision of Miconia sect. Calycopteris on Hispaniola". Judd, W.S., Bécquer, E.R. & Majure, L.C.; Brittonia 66(3): 224. 2014
Type: Haiti. [Dept. du Nord-Ouest:] Massif du Nord, Port-de-Paix, summit of Haut-Piton, 1205 m, 9 Aug 1925 (fr), E. L. Ekman H4620 (holotype: S; isotypes: A, on-line image seen #72006, K, online image seen #535762, NY, S, US).
Description: Shrub to 1.5 m tall. Young stems terete, the indumentum of dense, ferruginous, globularstellate hairs, 0.19–0.46 mm across, internodes 1–10 cm long, nodal line absent. Leaves often slightly anisophyllous, i.e., large leaf/small leaf quotient 1–2.6; petiole 0.6–3.4 cm long, the indumentum dense, globularstellate hairs; the blade (1.7–)2.5–14 × (1–)1.3–6.5 cm, ovate, thinly coriaceous, the apex acute to obtuse (rarely slightly acuminate), the base cordate to subcordate or rounded, the margin ± plane, strongly and irregularly dentate to serrate, the largest teeth to (0.2–)1–1.5 mm long, usually not associated with elongate, eglandular hairs, but occasionally terminated by such hairs (due to association with eglandular hairs of the adaxial epidermal surface, and such hairs to 0.5 mm long); secondary veins 2 or 3 pairs, 1 or 2 conspicuous and 1 inconspicuous, acrodromous, ± basal, the innermost pair joining midvein at leaf base or to 4 mm above base (although often appearing greater due to cordate condition), the conspicuous secondary veins (or if 2 pairs, the innermost conspicuous pair) placed (1.5–)2.5–11 mm from margin, the inconspicuous secondary veins (intramarginal) 0.5–3 mm from margin, tertiary veins percurrent, oriented subperpendicular to midvein, 1.5–10 mm apart, connected by 1–5 quaternary veins, the higher order veins reticulate and visible, areoles visible, rectangular to polygonal, the midvein and major secondary veins slightly impressed adaxially, tertiary veins slightly impressed to flat and visible adaxially, remaining veins flat and visible to obscure on adaxial surface, the midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, the major secondary veins strongly to moderately raised abaxially, the minor secondary veins and tertiary veins moderately to slightly raised abaxially, and the higher order veins slightly raised to flat, visible on abaxial surface; adaxial surface green, ± shiny when living, appearing slightly wrinkled after drying, and drying distinctly darker than the abaxial surface, the indumentum initially of sparse globular-stellate to minute- globular hairs, but very quickly glabrescent, although a few globular-stellate hairs often persistent near base of midvein, and also sparsely to moderately scattered (i.e., with several per central laminar unit bounded by primary, secondary and tertiary veins), elongate, smoothsided, eglandular hairs; abaxial surface pale green, the surface glabrous, the midvein and secondary veins with sparse to dense, ± ferruginous, globular-stellate hairs, and tertiary to fifth-order veins with only ± sparse, globular-stellate hairs, usually 0.25– 0.6 mm across, and with minute-globular hairs on the smaller veins. Inflorescences terminal, or less commonly terminal and axillary (in leaf axils or on older leafless nodes; and the reproductive shoots usually producing only 1 leafy node before terminating in an inflorescence), a ± sessile, 3- or 4-flowered dichasium, with the flowers closely clustered, sometimes reduced to a solitary flower; bracts paired (to numerous), 0.8–2 × 0.5–1.2 mm, narrowly triangular to linear, persistent; bracteoles 0.8–1.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, narrowly triangular, ± persistent. Flowers 4-merous, slightly zygomorphic; pedicel 0–1 mm long. Hypanthium 2–3.5 mm long, distinctly 4- lobed, ± constricted above ovary, the free portion 0.4–0.7 mm long, 1.3–2.5 mm wide at the torus, ± cylindrical, the outer surface with moderate, globular-stellate hairs, the internal surface smooth, glabrous. Calyx with tube 0.7– 1.1 mm long at anthesis, but tearing nearly completely between calyx lobes, the 4 lobes 0.6–1.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, triangular, but appearing oblong-triangular in age due to regular pattern of tearing, with moderate, globular-stellate hairs abaxially and a few minute-globular hairs adaxially, green, the apex acute to acuminate; calyx teeth arising from along longitudinal midline of the calyx lobes, 1.8–3.5 mm long, flattened parallel with the floral radii, thus linear when viewed from above, and oblong-triangular or narrowly triangular and downward curving when viewed from the side, 0.8–1.3 mm across, green, sharply acute at apex, with scattered globularstellate hairs. Petals 4, presumably obovate (only a portion of one petal seen), spreading, white, red-tinged (see Urban & Ekman, 1927) at anthesis, glabrous, the margin entire. Stamens 8, not seen. Ovary 4-locular, completely inferior, ca. 1.5–2 × 1.8–3mm, apically ± flat, ± smooth, glabrous, the apex with a minute collar, with axile placentation, the ovules numerous, borne on an expanded placenta that extends into each locule; style and stigma not seen. Berries (3–)4–5.5 × 4–7 mm, 4-lobed and subglobose, purple-black, with sparse to moderate globular-stellate hairs. Seeds 0.4–0.8 mm long, angular-obovoid, with bulging, rectangular raphe, nearly half the length of the seed-body.
Phenology: Miconia maculata is known to flower in March and April.
Distribution and ecology: Hispaniola (Haiti), Massif du Nord and the Massif des Cahos (Urban & Ekman, 1927); moist forests; 800–1450 m. The species is very poorly known, and more collections are needed.
Taxonomy and Systematics: This is the rarest of the species of Miconia sect. Calycopteris on Hispaniola; more collections are needed, especially as flowering material is mostly unknown. The species may be most closely related to M. reticulato-venosa, as both species possess elongate, eglandular, multicellular hairs on their adaxial leaf surfaces, however, these hairs are much more numerous on the leaves of M. maculata than on those of M. reticulato-venosa (see key). It is clear that M. maculata is specifically distinct from the Cuban Calycogonium heterophyllum, from which it consistently differs in the presence of elongate, eglandular, multicellular hairs on the adaxial leaf surface (vs. such hairs absent in C. heterophyllum), the quaternary veins more or less raised abaxially (vs. flat, at the surface of the lamina), the leaf margins strongly and irregularly dentate to serrate (vs. obscurely dentate to entire), and by its terminal and axillary inflorescences (vs. exclusively terminal inflorescences). In addition, the leaves are usually much larger in M. maculata. Thus, we do not consider this taxon to be a subspecies of C. heterophyllum (see nomenclatural paragraph), with which it is apparently not very closely related. The collection from the Massif des Cahos, near Belladère, i.e., Ekman H5626, is morphologically somewhat divergent from the other collections of this species, having somewhat smaller leaves, although some collections from the Massif du Nord are similar (e.g., Ekman H4411). Urban and Ekman (1927) informally designated this gathering as “forma angustifolia.” It is unfortunately sterile. This suggests that additional collections may show that M. maculata is just as variable in leaf form as are the related M. reticulato-venosa and M. vegaensis.
Description Author and Date: Walter S. Judd, Eldis R. Bécquer & Lucas C. Majure modified from "Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). XI. A revision of Miconia sect. Calycopteris on Hispaniola". Judd, W.S., Bécquer, E.R. & Majure, L.C.; Brittonia 66(3): 224. 2014
Type: Haiti. [Dept. du Nord-Ouest:] Massif du Nord, Port-de-Paix, summit of Haut-Piton, 1205 m, 9 Aug 1925 (fr), E. L. Ekman H4620 (holotype: S; isotypes: A, on-line image seen #72006, K, online image seen #535762, NY, S, US).
Description: Shrub to 1.5 m tall. Young stems terete, the indumentum of dense, ferruginous, globularstellate hairs, 0.19–0.46 mm across, internodes 1–10 cm long, nodal line absent. Leaves often slightly anisophyllous, i.e., large leaf/small leaf quotient 1–2.6; petiole 0.6–3.4 cm long, the indumentum dense, globularstellate hairs; the blade (1.7–)2.5–14 × (1–)1.3–6.5 cm, ovate, thinly coriaceous, the apex acute to obtuse (rarely slightly acuminate), the base cordate to subcordate or rounded, the margin ± plane, strongly and irregularly dentate to serrate, the largest teeth to (0.2–)1–1.5 mm long, usually not associated with elongate, eglandular hairs, but occasionally terminated by such hairs (due to association with eglandular hairs of the adaxial epidermal surface, and such hairs to 0.5 mm long); secondary veins 2 or 3 pairs, 1 or 2 conspicuous and 1 inconspicuous, acrodromous, ± basal, the innermost pair joining midvein at leaf base or to 4 mm above base (although often appearing greater due to cordate condition), the conspicuous secondary veins (or if 2 pairs, the innermost conspicuous pair) placed (1.5–)2.5–11 mm from margin, the inconspicuous secondary veins (intramarginal) 0.5–3 mm from margin, tertiary veins percurrent, oriented subperpendicular to midvein, 1.5–10 mm apart, connected by 1–5 quaternary veins, the higher order veins reticulate and visible, areoles visible, rectangular to polygonal, the midvein and major secondary veins slightly impressed adaxially, tertiary veins slightly impressed to flat and visible adaxially, remaining veins flat and visible to obscure on adaxial surface, the midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, the major secondary veins strongly to moderately raised abaxially, the minor secondary veins and tertiary veins moderately to slightly raised abaxially, and the higher order veins slightly raised to flat, visible on abaxial surface; adaxial surface green, ± shiny when living, appearing slightly wrinkled after drying, and drying distinctly darker than the abaxial surface, the indumentum initially of sparse globular-stellate to minute- globular hairs, but very quickly glabrescent, although a few globular-stellate hairs often persistent near base of midvein, and also sparsely to moderately scattered (i.e., with several per central laminar unit bounded by primary, secondary and tertiary veins), elongate, smoothsided, eglandular hairs; abaxial surface pale green, the surface glabrous, the midvein and secondary veins with sparse to dense, ± ferruginous, globular-stellate hairs, and tertiary to fifth-order veins with only ± sparse, globular-stellate hairs, usually 0.25– 0.6 mm across, and with minute-globular hairs on the smaller veins. Inflorescences terminal, or less commonly terminal and axillary (in leaf axils or on older leafless nodes; and the reproductive shoots usually producing only 1 leafy node before terminating in an inflorescence), a ± sessile, 3- or 4-flowered dichasium, with the flowers closely clustered, sometimes reduced to a solitary flower; bracts paired (to numerous), 0.8–2 × 0.5–1.2 mm, narrowly triangular to linear, persistent; bracteoles 0.8–1.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, narrowly triangular, ± persistent. Flowers 4-merous, slightly zygomorphic; pedicel 0–1 mm long. Hypanthium 2–3.5 mm long, distinctly 4- lobed, ± constricted above ovary, the free portion 0.4–0.7 mm long, 1.3–2.5 mm wide at the torus, ± cylindrical, the outer surface with moderate, globular-stellate hairs, the internal surface smooth, glabrous. Calyx with tube 0.7– 1.1 mm long at anthesis, but tearing nearly completely between calyx lobes, the 4 lobes 0.6–1.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm, triangular, but appearing oblong-triangular in age due to regular pattern of tearing, with moderate, globular-stellate hairs abaxially and a few minute-globular hairs adaxially, green, the apex acute to acuminate; calyx teeth arising from along longitudinal midline of the calyx lobes, 1.8–3.5 mm long, flattened parallel with the floral radii, thus linear when viewed from above, and oblong-triangular or narrowly triangular and downward curving when viewed from the side, 0.8–1.3 mm across, green, sharply acute at apex, with scattered globularstellate hairs. Petals 4, presumably obovate (only a portion of one petal seen), spreading, white, red-tinged (see Urban & Ekman, 1927) at anthesis, glabrous, the margin entire. Stamens 8, not seen. Ovary 4-locular, completely inferior, ca. 1.5–2 × 1.8–3mm, apically ± flat, ± smooth, glabrous, the apex with a minute collar, with axile placentation, the ovules numerous, borne on an expanded placenta that extends into each locule; style and stigma not seen. Berries (3–)4–5.5 × 4–7 mm, 4-lobed and subglobose, purple-black, with sparse to moderate globular-stellate hairs. Seeds 0.4–0.8 mm long, angular-obovoid, with bulging, rectangular raphe, nearly half the length of the seed-body.
Phenology: Miconia maculata is known to flower in March and April.
Distribution and ecology: Hispaniola (Haiti), Massif du Nord and the Massif des Cahos (Urban & Ekman, 1927); moist forests; 800–1450 m. The species is very poorly known, and more collections are needed.
Taxonomy and Systematics: This is the rarest of the species of Miconia sect. Calycopteris on Hispaniola; more collections are needed, especially as flowering material is mostly unknown. The species may be most closely related to M. reticulato-venosa, as both species possess elongate, eglandular, multicellular hairs on their adaxial leaf surfaces, however, these hairs are much more numerous on the leaves of M. maculata than on those of M. reticulato-venosa (see key). It is clear that M. maculata is specifically distinct from the Cuban Calycogonium heterophyllum, from which it consistently differs in the presence of elongate, eglandular, multicellular hairs on the adaxial leaf surface (vs. such hairs absent in C. heterophyllum), the quaternary veins more or less raised abaxially (vs. flat, at the surface of the lamina), the leaf margins strongly and irregularly dentate to serrate (vs. obscurely dentate to entire), and by its terminal and axillary inflorescences (vs. exclusively terminal inflorescences). In addition, the leaves are usually much larger in M. maculata. Thus, we do not consider this taxon to be a subspecies of C. heterophyllum (see nomenclatural paragraph), with which it is apparently not very closely related. The collection from the Massif des Cahos, near Belladère, i.e., Ekman H5626, is morphologically somewhat divergent from the other collections of this species, having somewhat smaller leaves, although some collections from the Massif du Nord are similar (e.g., Ekman H4411). Urban and Ekman (1927) informally designated this gathering as “forma angustifolia.” It is unfortunately sterile. This suggests that additional collections may show that M. maculata is just as variable in leaf form as are the related M. reticulato-venosa and M. vegaensis.