Taxon Details: Miconia phrynosomaderma Majure & Judd
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Narratives:
Family:
Melastomataceae (Magnoliophyta)
Melastomataceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Miconia phrynosomaderma Majure & Judd
Miconia phrynosomaderma Majure & Judd
Primary Citation:
Miconia phrynosomaderma (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a new species from the Massif du Nord, Haiti, and sixteen new names and combinations.
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7: 265--274. 2013
Miconia phrynosomaderma (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a new species from the Massif du Nord, Haiti, and sixteen new names and combinations.
J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7: 265--274. 2013
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Description Author and Date: Lucas C. Majure & Walter S. Judd modified from "Miconia phrynosomaderma (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a new species from the Massif du Nord, Haiti, and sixteen new names and combinations". Majure, Lucas C. & Judd, Walter S.; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(1): 265 – 274. 2013
Type: HAITI. Dept. du Nord: Massif du Nord, Marmelade, Morne Belle-Terre, 1050m, fl, fr, 22 May 1927, E.L. Ekman H8204 (holotype: S!; isotypes: GH! US!).
Description: Evergreen shrub (height unknown); stems round in cross section, not ridged, the internodes 1–3.2 cm long; stem indumentum of bulla-based hairs 0.4–1.2 mm long, these mixed with some hairs having strongly dilated bases and others only narrowly dilated at the base, the hairs apressed-retrorse along stem or slightly spreading with apices recurved; nodal line present, made up of triangular, bulla-based hairs to 2 mm long. Leaves broadly elliptic, 2.4–4.3 × 2–3 cm, often slightly anisophyllous, purplish when young; base rounded to acute; apex broadly acute; venation acrodromous, 5-veined, i.e., with midvein and 2 pairs of arching secondary veins, the innermost pair of secondary veins, mostly symmetrical to subsymmetrical at union with midvein 1.5–5 mm above the leaf base, positioned 2.5–5.5 mm in from margin at widest point of blade, the tertiary veins ± perpendicular to midvein, 2.4–3.5 mm apart at mid-leaf; adaxial surface covered in bulla-based hairs, these not meeting at the base, thus the lamina visible between the hairs, i.e., lamina areoles are not completely filled, widest hair bases to 1.8 mm wide, apices of bulla-based hairs mostly erect to slightly spreading, the young leaf adaxial surface with ephemeral, long-stemmed, clavate-dentritic hairs, these sometimes flattened at the apex, arising from between the bases of bulla-based hairs along the primary and secondary veins toward the base of the leaf, and with subsessile to short stalked glandular hairs along the lamina between bulla-based hairs; abaxial leaf surface covered with bulla-based hairs, although the lamina clearly visible, also with bullabased hairs covering the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary veins, the lamina covered in sessile glands, also with depressions formed from the bulla-based hairs on the adaxial leaf surface; petiole 0.4–1.2 cm long, covered in bulla-based hairs, these spreading to retrorse and recurved on adaxial surface and mostly appressed-retrorse on abaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, well-developed to reduced cymes of 3–15 flowers, 1.7–3.9 cm long, 2.2–5.1 cm across, the peduncle 0.1–0.7 cm long, the proximal branches 0.7–1.7 cm long, the pseudopedicels 1.5–3.5 mm long, and pedicels 0.6–1 cm long; bracts narrowly ovate, 2–3 mm long; bracteoles narrowly ovate, persistent, 2–2.2 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide; nodes of inflorescence with mixed bulla-based hairs and long-stemmed, dentritic-clavate hairs, similar to those found at the base of young leaves. Flowers 4-merous; hypanthium 3.1–4 mm long, 5–5.2 mm wide, ± spherical, slightly 4-lobed, although lobing mostly obscured by bulla-based hairs 0.9–2.5 mm long, the free portion of hypanthium 0.3 mm long, slightly constricted below the torus, both hypanthium abaxial surface and base of bulla-based hairs with dark, sessile glands; calyx teeth (3.5–4.4 × 0.4–0.7 mm, linear and terete, recurved upon maturation, covered in long, bullabased hairs; calyx lobes adaxially dark colored (purple?), 1.3 × 1.6 mm, with sessile glands near the apex adaxially and bulla-based hairs abaxially; calyx tube 0.4 mm long; petals white, but purplish on the abaxial surface, ovate, 5.1–5.2 × ca. 3 mm, the apex acuminate, the margin membranous and entire, clawed at base, with two, slightly bulla-based hairs just below the apex on the abaxial surface, these 2–3 mm long; stamens twice the number of petals, the filaments 1.7–1.9 mm long, the anthers 1.4–1.5 mm long, with dorso-basal appendage and a single, dorsally inclined pore, the thecae 1.1 mm long. Style ca. 4.3 mm long, dilated at the center, with punctate stigma, subtended by a crown of long, multicelular hairs, these slightly longer than the surrounding bulla-based hairs on the apex of the ovary; ovary ca. 3.2 mm long, ca. 4.8 mm wide, fully inferior, 4-locular, placentation axile, placenta greatly intruded into the locules. Berries globose, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 6.5 mm wide, blue-black at maturity. Seeds (immature) ca. 0.9 mm long, sickle-shaped.
Distribution and ecology: Miconia phrynosomaderma is only known from one gathering made in the Massif du Nord, at Morne Belle Terre, Artibonite Province, Haiti (Fig. 2). It was collected at 1050 m in elevation (Ekman H8204). Ekman in his field notes mentioned that Morne Belle Terre was built up of metamorphic rock, but no information regarding plant community at the elevation where M. phrynosomaderma was collected is known.
Phenology: Miconia phrynosomaderma was in flower and mature fruit at the time of collection (May 22nd), so it is likely that the species begins flowering earlier in the year, but the flowering period is essentially unknown.
Etymology: Miconia phrynosomaderma is named for the lizard genus Phrynosoma (Phrynosomatidae). The epidermis of Phrynosoma is covered in scales, which develop into horn-like projections, and thus members of the genus are commonly referred to as horned lizards. Bony outgrowths from the cranium also produce these horn-like structures. The bulla-based hairs on the adaxial leaf surface of M. phrynosomaderma bear a striking similarity to the horned epidermis and bony crania of members of Phrynosoma (Presch 1969).
Taxonomy and Systematics: Based on morphological characters, Miconia phrynosomaderma appears to be most closely related to M. limoides and M. lima. Miconia phrynosomaderma differs from M. limoides by its sparse indumentum on the abaxial leaf surface and thus clearly visible abaxial epidermis, i.e., it is not completely covered by the indumentum, and by the spacing of the adaxial bulla-based hairs, i.e., they do not completely cover the leaf areoles. In M. limoides the bulla-based hairs completely obscure the abaxial lamina and completely fill the areoles. Stem hairs of M. limoides are mostly spreading to retrorse but not markedly appressed, while in M. phrynosomaderma they are mostly appressed-retrorse to slightly recurved at the tips. The ultimate dichasia of the inflorescences of M. limoides tend to be more condensed, i.e., flowers are mostly sessile to subsessile, than those of M. phrynosomaderma, which are more or less open with pedicellate flowers; however, this needs to be investigated further (with more collections of the latter). Also, the calyx teeth of M. phrynosomaderma are longer (i.e., 3.5–4.4 mm) than those of M. limoides (i.e., 2.1–3.3 mm). Finally, M. phrynosomaderma exhibits clawed petals and a dorso-basal appendage on the anther to 0.3 mm long. Miconia limoides lacks clawed petals and has a reduced dorso-basal anther appendage to 0.1 mm long or it is entirely absent. Miconia phrynosomaderma differs from M. lima by having stems with appressed-retrorse to recurved hairs vs. appressed-antrorse hairs (in M. lima), hypanthia 3.1–4 × 5 mm vs. 1.9–3 × 2.3–3.5 mm, and widely elliptical (length to width quotient 0.92–1.95) vs. narrowly elliptical (length to width quotient 1.56–2.05) leaves. Miconia phrynosomaderma differs from both M. lima and M. limoides by the purplish color of young leaves vs. the lime-green color in M. lima and M. limoides, as well as the color of the petals, that is, white with purple abaxial surfaces in M. phrynosomaderma vs. usually rose to red in M. lima and M. limoides. Miconia limoides may sometimes have white petals, but these are not purple abaxially. Also, both M. limoides and M. lima usually have an androecial fringe on the apex of the free portion of the hypanthium, which is a continuation of the hairs produced on the free portion of the hypanthium, but this structure is absent in M. prhynosomaderma. Miconia phrynosomaderma satisfies the morphological-phenetic (Judd 2007) and diagnostic species concepts (Wheeler & Platnick 2000), as it is easily distinguished, morphologically, from its putative closest relatives, M. limoides and M. lima. Miconia phrynosomaderma also is allopatric from other members of the Lima clade, and so is most likely reproductively isolated from other species, thus satisfying the biological species concept (Mayr 1970, 2000). Finally, the clawed petals are likely autapomorphic, and thus M. phyrnosomaderma is most probably a cladospecies (Donoghue 1985; Mishler 1985).
Description Author and Date: Lucas C. Majure & Walter S. Judd modified from "Miconia phrynosomaderma (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a new species from the Massif du Nord, Haiti, and sixteen new names and combinations". Majure, Lucas C. & Judd, Walter S.; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(1): 265 – 274. 2013
Type: HAITI. Dept. du Nord: Massif du Nord, Marmelade, Morne Belle-Terre, 1050m, fl, fr, 22 May 1927, E.L. Ekman H8204 (holotype: S!; isotypes: GH! US!).
Description: Evergreen shrub (height unknown); stems round in cross section, not ridged, the internodes 1–3.2 cm long; stem indumentum of bulla-based hairs 0.4–1.2 mm long, these mixed with some hairs having strongly dilated bases and others only narrowly dilated at the base, the hairs apressed-retrorse along stem or slightly spreading with apices recurved; nodal line present, made up of triangular, bulla-based hairs to 2 mm long. Leaves broadly elliptic, 2.4–4.3 × 2–3 cm, often slightly anisophyllous, purplish when young; base rounded to acute; apex broadly acute; venation acrodromous, 5-veined, i.e., with midvein and 2 pairs of arching secondary veins, the innermost pair of secondary veins, mostly symmetrical to subsymmetrical at union with midvein 1.5–5 mm above the leaf base, positioned 2.5–5.5 mm in from margin at widest point of blade, the tertiary veins ± perpendicular to midvein, 2.4–3.5 mm apart at mid-leaf; adaxial surface covered in bulla-based hairs, these not meeting at the base, thus the lamina visible between the hairs, i.e., lamina areoles are not completely filled, widest hair bases to 1.8 mm wide, apices of bulla-based hairs mostly erect to slightly spreading, the young leaf adaxial surface with ephemeral, long-stemmed, clavate-dentritic hairs, these sometimes flattened at the apex, arising from between the bases of bulla-based hairs along the primary and secondary veins toward the base of the leaf, and with subsessile to short stalked glandular hairs along the lamina between bulla-based hairs; abaxial leaf surface covered with bulla-based hairs, although the lamina clearly visible, also with bullabased hairs covering the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary veins, the lamina covered in sessile glands, also with depressions formed from the bulla-based hairs on the adaxial leaf surface; petiole 0.4–1.2 cm long, covered in bulla-based hairs, these spreading to retrorse and recurved on adaxial surface and mostly appressed-retrorse on abaxial surface. Inflorescences terminal, well-developed to reduced cymes of 3–15 flowers, 1.7–3.9 cm long, 2.2–5.1 cm across, the peduncle 0.1–0.7 cm long, the proximal branches 0.7–1.7 cm long, the pseudopedicels 1.5–3.5 mm long, and pedicels 0.6–1 cm long; bracts narrowly ovate, 2–3 mm long; bracteoles narrowly ovate, persistent, 2–2.2 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide; nodes of inflorescence with mixed bulla-based hairs and long-stemmed, dentritic-clavate hairs, similar to those found at the base of young leaves. Flowers 4-merous; hypanthium 3.1–4 mm long, 5–5.2 mm wide, ± spherical, slightly 4-lobed, although lobing mostly obscured by bulla-based hairs 0.9–2.5 mm long, the free portion of hypanthium 0.3 mm long, slightly constricted below the torus, both hypanthium abaxial surface and base of bulla-based hairs with dark, sessile glands; calyx teeth (3.5–4.4 × 0.4–0.7 mm, linear and terete, recurved upon maturation, covered in long, bullabased hairs; calyx lobes adaxially dark colored (purple?), 1.3 × 1.6 mm, with sessile glands near the apex adaxially and bulla-based hairs abaxially; calyx tube 0.4 mm long; petals white, but purplish on the abaxial surface, ovate, 5.1–5.2 × ca. 3 mm, the apex acuminate, the margin membranous and entire, clawed at base, with two, slightly bulla-based hairs just below the apex on the abaxial surface, these 2–3 mm long; stamens twice the number of petals, the filaments 1.7–1.9 mm long, the anthers 1.4–1.5 mm long, with dorso-basal appendage and a single, dorsally inclined pore, the thecae 1.1 mm long. Style ca. 4.3 mm long, dilated at the center, with punctate stigma, subtended by a crown of long, multicelular hairs, these slightly longer than the surrounding bulla-based hairs on the apex of the ovary; ovary ca. 3.2 mm long, ca. 4.8 mm wide, fully inferior, 4-locular, placentation axile, placenta greatly intruded into the locules. Berries globose, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 6.5 mm wide, blue-black at maturity. Seeds (immature) ca. 0.9 mm long, sickle-shaped.
Distribution and ecology: Miconia phrynosomaderma is only known from one gathering made in the Massif du Nord, at Morne Belle Terre, Artibonite Province, Haiti (Fig. 2). It was collected at 1050 m in elevation (Ekman H8204). Ekman in his field notes mentioned that Morne Belle Terre was built up of metamorphic rock, but no information regarding plant community at the elevation where M. phrynosomaderma was collected is known.
Phenology: Miconia phrynosomaderma was in flower and mature fruit at the time of collection (May 22nd), so it is likely that the species begins flowering earlier in the year, but the flowering period is essentially unknown.
Etymology: Miconia phrynosomaderma is named for the lizard genus Phrynosoma (Phrynosomatidae). The epidermis of Phrynosoma is covered in scales, which develop into horn-like projections, and thus members of the genus are commonly referred to as horned lizards. Bony outgrowths from the cranium also produce these horn-like structures. The bulla-based hairs on the adaxial leaf surface of M. phrynosomaderma bear a striking similarity to the horned epidermis and bony crania of members of Phrynosoma (Presch 1969).
Taxonomy and Systematics: Based on morphological characters, Miconia phrynosomaderma appears to be most closely related to M. limoides and M. lima. Miconia phrynosomaderma differs from M. limoides by its sparse indumentum on the abaxial leaf surface and thus clearly visible abaxial epidermis, i.e., it is not completely covered by the indumentum, and by the spacing of the adaxial bulla-based hairs, i.e., they do not completely cover the leaf areoles. In M. limoides the bulla-based hairs completely obscure the abaxial lamina and completely fill the areoles. Stem hairs of M. limoides are mostly spreading to retrorse but not markedly appressed, while in M. phrynosomaderma they are mostly appressed-retrorse to slightly recurved at the tips. The ultimate dichasia of the inflorescences of M. limoides tend to be more condensed, i.e., flowers are mostly sessile to subsessile, than those of M. phrynosomaderma, which are more or less open with pedicellate flowers; however, this needs to be investigated further (with more collections of the latter). Also, the calyx teeth of M. phrynosomaderma are longer (i.e., 3.5–4.4 mm) than those of M. limoides (i.e., 2.1–3.3 mm). Finally, M. phrynosomaderma exhibits clawed petals and a dorso-basal appendage on the anther to 0.3 mm long. Miconia limoides lacks clawed petals and has a reduced dorso-basal anther appendage to 0.1 mm long or it is entirely absent. Miconia phrynosomaderma differs from M. lima by having stems with appressed-retrorse to recurved hairs vs. appressed-antrorse hairs (in M. lima), hypanthia 3.1–4 × 5 mm vs. 1.9–3 × 2.3–3.5 mm, and widely elliptical (length to width quotient 0.92–1.95) vs. narrowly elliptical (length to width quotient 1.56–2.05) leaves. Miconia phrynosomaderma differs from both M. lima and M. limoides by the purplish color of young leaves vs. the lime-green color in M. lima and M. limoides, as well as the color of the petals, that is, white with purple abaxial surfaces in M. phrynosomaderma vs. usually rose to red in M. lima and M. limoides. Miconia limoides may sometimes have white petals, but these are not purple abaxially. Also, both M. limoides and M. lima usually have an androecial fringe on the apex of the free portion of the hypanthium, which is a continuation of the hairs produced on the free portion of the hypanthium, but this structure is absent in M. prhynosomaderma. Miconia phrynosomaderma satisfies the morphological-phenetic (Judd 2007) and diagnostic species concepts (Wheeler & Platnick 2000), as it is easily distinguished, morphologically, from its putative closest relatives, M. limoides and M. lima. Miconia phrynosomaderma also is allopatric from other members of the Lima clade, and so is most likely reproductively isolated from other species, thus satisfying the biological species concept (Mayr 1970, 2000). Finally, the clawed petals are likely autapomorphic, and thus M. phyrnosomaderma is most probably a cladospecies (Donoghue 1985; Mishler 1985).