Taxon Details: Gustavia longifuniculata S.A.Mori
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Protologue of Gustavia longifuniculata.
Protologue of Gustavia longifuniculata.Family:
Lecythidaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Lecythidaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Gustavia longifuniculata S.A.Mori
Gustavia longifuniculata S.A.Mori
Primary Citation:
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21(1): 139. 1979
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21(1): 139. 1979
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Author: Scott A. Mori & Nathan P. Smith
Type: Colombia. Santander: Campo Capote (6°38' N, 73°55' W), compartment 82, alt 100-200 m , 9 Jul 1971( fl, fr), Nee & Mori 4305 (holotype, COL; isotypes, BM, COL, F, MO, NY, P, US, VEN, WIS).
Description: Trees to 20 m tall x 30 cm diam. Trunk erect, the branches below leaves 3-4 mm diam., the leaves loosely aggregated at ends of branches, the petiole scars 5-10 mm apart. Bark fissured, brown. Leaves: petioles 5-10 x 3 mm, semicircular in cross section, the adaxial surface flat; blades elliptic-oblanceolate, 15-27 x 5-8 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, the base attenuate, the margins entire-crenulate, the apex acuminate; secondary veins in 12-14 pairs. Inflorescences suprafoliar, in leaf axils or bracts, rusty tomentose, flowers 2-5; pedicels 35-45 mm, the bract cauducous, the bracteoles 2, sagittate, 6-10 x 4-6 mm, inserted at middle of pedicel. Flowers ca. 11 cm diam.; hypanthium 6-costate, rusty tomentose; calyx-lobes triangular-sagittate, 7-10 x 6-7 mm, tomentose, green; petals 6, obovate, 50-60 x 30-40 mm, puberulous, white; androecium actinomorphic, the base connate into 10 mm tube, white, the anthers 3 mm, yellow. Gynoecium with 6-locular ovary. Fruits globose, 20 x 20 mm, 6-costate; calyx-lobes 6, persistent, triangular-sagittate. Seeds 2-3 per fruit, semicircular in cross section, 15 x 10 mm; caruncle yellow; funicle expanded, ca. 6 mm long.
Common names: None recorded.
Distribution: This species is known only from the central Magdalena Valley of Colombia.
Ecology: A medium to large sized tree of tropical lowland forests. Other tree genera in the forest of the type locality are: Alchornea (Euphorbiaceae), Cariniana, Couratari, Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae), Cespedesia (Ochnaceae), Couma (Apocynaceae), Ormosia (Fabaceae), and Parkia (Mimosaceae). Gustavia longifuniculata and G. romeroi are frequently found scattered among the understory trees of this floristically rich area.
Phenology: Flowers have been collected in Jul and Aug. Fruits have been collected Jul.
Pollination: No reports of pollination have been recorded.
Dispersal: No reports of dispersal have been recorded.
Predation: No observations recorded.
Field characters: See taxonomic notes.
Taxonomic notes: Observations on Nee & Mori 4305 have demonstrated that the opercular region does not dehisce but is removed piecemeal by insects and/or rotting. Fruits with all stages of fragmented opercula were observed on the tree and no complete opercula were found under it. From these observations I have concluded that the fruits are not freely operculate and that animals play a role in releasing the seeds from the fruits. The six petals, six loculi, persistent calyx lobes on the fruit, costate ovary, leptocaul growth form, and leaf features clearly place this Gustavia in section Hexapetala. Gustavia longifuniculata is most closely related to the Panamanian G. brachycarpa, which likewise possesses expanded funicles and opercula that are pseudoperculate. It is distinct from G. brachycarpa in having coriaceous instead of chartaceous leaves and by its globose fruits with wings to the base instead of cylindrical ones with wings onto the pedicel. This species is sympatric with G. dubia from which it differs in leaf, fruit, and seed characters.
Conservation: IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered B1+2c ver 2.3 (Calderon, E. 1998. Gustavia longifuniculata. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 20 March 2014.).
Uses: None recorded.
Etymology: The name alludes to the long funicle that this species has.
Source: This species page is based on Mori in Prance & Mori, 1979.
Author: Scott A. Mori & Nathan P. Smith
Type: Colombia. Santander: Campo Capote (6°38' N, 73°55' W), compartment 82, alt 100-200 m , 9 Jul 1971( fl, fr), Nee & Mori 4305 (holotype, COL; isotypes, BM, COL, F, MO, NY, P, US, VEN, WIS).
Description: Trees to 20 m tall x 30 cm diam. Trunk erect, the branches below leaves 3-4 mm diam., the leaves loosely aggregated at ends of branches, the petiole scars 5-10 mm apart. Bark fissured, brown. Leaves: petioles 5-10 x 3 mm, semicircular in cross section, the adaxial surface flat; blades elliptic-oblanceolate, 15-27 x 5-8 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, the base attenuate, the margins entire-crenulate, the apex acuminate; secondary veins in 12-14 pairs. Inflorescences suprafoliar, in leaf axils or bracts, rusty tomentose, flowers 2-5; pedicels 35-45 mm, the bract cauducous, the bracteoles 2, sagittate, 6-10 x 4-6 mm, inserted at middle of pedicel. Flowers ca. 11 cm diam.; hypanthium 6-costate, rusty tomentose; calyx-lobes triangular-sagittate, 7-10 x 6-7 mm, tomentose, green; petals 6, obovate, 50-60 x 30-40 mm, puberulous, white; androecium actinomorphic, the base connate into 10 mm tube, white, the anthers 3 mm, yellow. Gynoecium with 6-locular ovary. Fruits globose, 20 x 20 mm, 6-costate; calyx-lobes 6, persistent, triangular-sagittate. Seeds 2-3 per fruit, semicircular in cross section, 15 x 10 mm; caruncle yellow; funicle expanded, ca. 6 mm long.
Common names: None recorded.
Distribution: This species is known only from the central Magdalena Valley of Colombia.
Ecology: A medium to large sized tree of tropical lowland forests. Other tree genera in the forest of the type locality are: Alchornea (Euphorbiaceae), Cariniana, Couratari, Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae), Cespedesia (Ochnaceae), Couma (Apocynaceae), Ormosia (Fabaceae), and Parkia (Mimosaceae). Gustavia longifuniculata and G. romeroi are frequently found scattered among the understory trees of this floristically rich area.
Phenology: Flowers have been collected in Jul and Aug. Fruits have been collected Jul.
Pollination: No reports of pollination have been recorded.
Dispersal: No reports of dispersal have been recorded.
Predation: No observations recorded.
Field characters: See taxonomic notes.
Taxonomic notes: Observations on Nee & Mori 4305 have demonstrated that the opercular region does not dehisce but is removed piecemeal by insects and/or rotting. Fruits with all stages of fragmented opercula were observed on the tree and no complete opercula were found under it. From these observations I have concluded that the fruits are not freely operculate and that animals play a role in releasing the seeds from the fruits. The six petals, six loculi, persistent calyx lobes on the fruit, costate ovary, leptocaul growth form, and leaf features clearly place this Gustavia in section Hexapetala. Gustavia longifuniculata is most closely related to the Panamanian G. brachycarpa, which likewise possesses expanded funicles and opercula that are pseudoperculate. It is distinct from G. brachycarpa in having coriaceous instead of chartaceous leaves and by its globose fruits with wings to the base instead of cylindrical ones with wings onto the pedicel. This species is sympatric with G. dubia from which it differs in leaf, fruit, and seed characters.
Conservation: IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered B1+2c ver 2.3 (Calderon, E. 1998. Gustavia longifuniculata. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 20 March 2014.).
Uses: None recorded.
Etymology: The name alludes to the long funicle that this species has.
Source: This species page is based on Mori in Prance & Mori, 1979.
Flora and Monograph Treatment(s):
Gustavia longifuniculata S.A.Mori: [Article] Prance, Ghillean T. & Mori, S. A. 1979. Lecythidaceae - Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma & Cariniana). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-270.
Gustavia longifuniculata S.A.Mori: [Article] Prance, Ghillean T. & Mori, S. A. 1979. Lecythidaceae - Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma & Cariniana). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-270.