Monographs Details:
Authority:
Prance, Ghillean T. & Mori, S. A. 1979. Lecythidaceae - Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma & Cariniana). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-270. (Published by NYBG Press)
Prance, Ghillean T. & Mori, S. A. 1979. Lecythidaceae - Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma & Cariniana). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-270. (Published by NYBG Press)
Family:
Lecythidaceae
Lecythidaceae
Synonyms:
Pirigara hexapetala Aubl., Gustavia fastuosa Willd., Gustavia pterocarpa Poit., Gustavia brasiliana DC., Gustavia brasiliana var. minor DC., Gustavia fastuosa var. angustisepala O.Berg, Gustavia fastuosa var. latisepala O.Berg, Japarandiba brasiliana (DC.) Kuntze, Japarandiba fastuosa (Willd.) Kuntze, Japarandiba hexapetala (Aubl.) Kuntze, Japarandiba pterocarpa (Poit.) Nied., Gustavia microcarpa Pilg., Gustavia eximia Pittier, Gustavia fustis-mortui Pittier, Eschweilera carrii Standl., Gustavia longepetiolata Huber
Pirigara hexapetala Aubl., Gustavia fastuosa Willd., Gustavia pterocarpa Poit., Gustavia brasiliana DC., Gustavia brasiliana var. minor DC., Gustavia fastuosa var. angustisepala O.Berg, Gustavia fastuosa var. latisepala O.Berg, Japarandiba brasiliana (DC.) Kuntze, Japarandiba fastuosa (Willd.) Kuntze, Japarandiba hexapetala (Aubl.) Kuntze, Japarandiba pterocarpa (Poit.) Nied., Gustavia microcarpa Pilg., Gustavia eximia Pittier, Gustavia fustis-mortui Pittier, Eschweilera carrii Standl., Gustavia longepetiolata Huber
Description:
Description - Trees, small to medium sized, 3-20(-25) m x 5-15(-40) cm in diameter; leaf-bearing branches 2-5(-9) mm in diameter, the leaves loosely grouped at their ends; petiole scars 2-15 mm apart. Bark reddish brown. Leaf blades elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate; (9-)10-24(-45) x 3-13 cm wide, glabrous, chartaceous to coriaceous, with 9-13 pairs of lateral veins; apices acuminate to attenuate; bases acute to attenuate, narrowly decurrent; margins entire to serrulate. Petioles 2-17 mm long, (1.5-)2-3(-5) mm in diameter, subterete to semicircular in cross section, flattened somewhat adaxially. Inflorescences suprafoliar , rusty-white tomentose, the flowers in the uppermost leaf or in bract axils, with 1-4(-6) flowers at the branch ends; pedicels (6-)10-30(-50) mm, subtended by a single oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, keeled caducous bract 4-9(-12) x 2-8 mm and bearing at various points along the length of the pedicel 2 ovate-oblong bracteoles (2.5-)4-12 x 2-12 mm. Flowers 6-9(-16) cm in diameter; calyx lobes triangular, sagittate, or ovate, 4-12 x 3-9(-12) mm, rusty-tomentose, green; petals (5-)6(-8), obovate to oblanceolate, infrequently oblong, (20-)30-40(-80) x 10-30(-50) mm, puberulous, white; androecium white, sometimes yellow at base, the connate base (4-)8-15 mm high; outermost filaments 8-18 mm, white; anthers 1.6-2.9(-3.8) mm, yellow; ovary 6-costate, rusty-tomentose, (5-) 6(-8)-locular, glabrous to puberulous at summit; style l-2(-3) mm; stigma with (5-)6(-8) lobes. Fruits globose, first green, then yellow-orange at maturity, brown when dried, (5-)6(-8) costate, 10-30x 12-35 mm, with (5-)6(-8) persistent triangular, sagittate, or ovate calyx lobes. Seeds trigonous to semicircular in cross section, carunculate, 10-16 x 6-13 mm, 1-5 per fruit, with a straight non-expanded funicle, 1-5(-9) mm long.
Description - Trees, small to medium sized, 3-20(-25) m x 5-15(-40) cm in diameter; leaf-bearing branches 2-5(-9) mm in diameter, the leaves loosely grouped at their ends; petiole scars 2-15 mm apart. Bark reddish brown. Leaf blades elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate; (9-)10-24(-45) x 3-13 cm wide, glabrous, chartaceous to coriaceous, with 9-13 pairs of lateral veins; apices acuminate to attenuate; bases acute to attenuate, narrowly decurrent; margins entire to serrulate. Petioles 2-17 mm long, (1.5-)2-3(-5) mm in diameter, subterete to semicircular in cross section, flattened somewhat adaxially. Inflorescences suprafoliar , rusty-white tomentose, the flowers in the uppermost leaf or in bract axils, with 1-4(-6) flowers at the branch ends; pedicels (6-)10-30(-50) mm, subtended by a single oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, keeled caducous bract 4-9(-12) x 2-8 mm and bearing at various points along the length of the pedicel 2 ovate-oblong bracteoles (2.5-)4-12 x 2-12 mm. Flowers 6-9(-16) cm in diameter; calyx lobes triangular, sagittate, or ovate, 4-12 x 3-9(-12) mm, rusty-tomentose, green; petals (5-)6(-8), obovate to oblanceolate, infrequently oblong, (20-)30-40(-80) x 10-30(-50) mm, puberulous, white; androecium white, sometimes yellow at base, the connate base (4-)8-15 mm high; outermost filaments 8-18 mm, white; anthers 1.6-2.9(-3.8) mm, yellow; ovary 6-costate, rusty-tomentose, (5-) 6(-8)-locular, glabrous to puberulous at summit; style l-2(-3) mm; stigma with (5-)6(-8) lobes. Fruits globose, first green, then yellow-orange at maturity, brown when dried, (5-)6(-8) costate, 10-30x 12-35 mm, with (5-)6(-8) persistent triangular, sagittate, or ovate calyx lobes. Seeds trigonous to semicircular in cross section, carunculate, 10-16 x 6-13 mm, 1-5 per fruit, with a straight non-expanded funicle, 1-5(-9) mm long.
Discussion:
Ecology. A small to medium sized tree most common in well drained forests (terra firme) but also encountered in flood-plain forests (varzea). This species infrequently assumes a shrub-like habit when found in secondary growth. In north central Venezuela G. hexapetala is found in the finger-like extensions of evergreen forest that penetrate into a region otherwise dominated by deciduous, semi-xerophytic woodland.In the Guianas G. hexapetala blooms from July to December and bears fruit from October to April (the peak fruiting time is March and April). Collections from the lower Amazon (below the junction of the Rios Negro and Solimões) indicate a July to October blooming time and a September to December fruit set. Fertile specimens from the Rio Negro drainage system have been collected mostly in September and October, while those from the Solimões watershed have been collected mostly between February and September.As in most wide-ranging species of plants, considerable variability is found in G. hexapetala. For example, some individuals have relatively small, chartaceous leaves whereas others have larger, coriaceous leaves. In addition, some individuals have only one seed per fruit in contrast to the 2-5 normally encountered and other individuals have the costae of the exocarp missing or nearly missing (Fig 43). Nevertheless, the variation is not sufficient to merit taxonomic recognition.
Ecology. A small to medium sized tree most common in well drained forests (terra firme) but also encountered in flood-plain forests (varzea). This species infrequently assumes a shrub-like habit when found in secondary growth. In north central Venezuela G. hexapetala is found in the finger-like extensions of evergreen forest that penetrate into a region otherwise dominated by deciduous, semi-xerophytic woodland.In the Guianas G. hexapetala blooms from July to December and bears fruit from October to April (the peak fruiting time is March and April). Collections from the lower Amazon (below the junction of the Rios Negro and Solimões) indicate a July to October blooming time and a September to December fruit set. Fertile specimens from the Rio Negro drainage system have been collected mostly in September and October, while those from the Solimões watershed have been collected mostly between February and September.As in most wide-ranging species of plants, considerable variability is found in G. hexapetala. For example, some individuals have relatively small, chartaceous leaves whereas others have larger, coriaceous leaves. In addition, some individuals have only one seed per fruit in contrast to the 2-5 normally encountered and other individuals have the costae of the exocarp missing or nearly missing (Fig 43). Nevertheless, the variation is not sufficient to merit taxonomic recognition.
Distribution:
Colombia South America| Meta Colombia South America| Vaupés Colombia South America| Amazonas Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Zulia Venezuela South America| Falcón Venezuela South America| Yaracuy Venezuela South America| Aragua Venezuela South America| Distrito Federal Venezuela South America| Miranda Venezuela South America| Bolívar Venezuela South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Guyana South America| Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Peru South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Brazil South America| Roraima Brazil South America| Amapá Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Acre Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Beni Bolivia South America|
Colombia South America| Meta Colombia South America| Vaupés Colombia South America| Amazonas Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Zulia Venezuela South America| Falcón Venezuela South America| Yaracuy Venezuela South America| Aragua Venezuela South America| Distrito Federal Venezuela South America| Miranda Venezuela South America| Bolívar Venezuela South America| Amazonas Venezuela South America| Guyana South America| Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Peru South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Brazil South America| Roraima Brazil South America| Amapá Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America| Acre Brazil South America| Mato Grosso Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| Beni Bolivia South America|
Common Names:
coral, Titaquemú, Chupén de Muerto, Chupón Ventoso , coco de mono, Motin, Muerto, Palo de Muerto , Chawanaime, Lannaballi Hohorodikoro, Lannaballi Djarmo, Hoogland Konikonioedoe, Bois Puant, Tapouhoupa, Lalouch, Geniparana, Matamataica, Abiurana, Hicodi
coral, Titaquemú, Chupén de Muerto, Chupón Ventoso , coco de mono, Motin, Muerto, Palo de Muerto , Chawanaime, Lannaballi Hohorodikoro, Lannaballi Djarmo, Hoogland Konikonioedoe, Bois Puant, Tapouhoupa, Lalouch, Geniparana, Matamataica, Abiurana, Hicodi