Monographs Details:
Authority:
Grear, John W. 1978. A revision of the New World species of Rhynchosia (Leguminosae-Faboideae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 31 (1): 1-168.
Grear, John W. 1978. A revision of the New World species of Rhynchosia (Leguminosae-Faboideae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 31 (1): 1-168.
Family:
Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Description:
Species Description - Woody or suffrutescent vine, twining, to 9 m, from woody base, the stems one to several, simple or few-branched, angular, becoming terete and finally ribbonlike (1-2 cm across), villous to villosulose, becoming glabrate. Stipules ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, villosulose, caducous, 4-8 mm long, 1-3 mm wide. Petioles stout, 1.5-7(-10) cm, villous or villosulose. Leaflets 3, thin-coriaceous, ovate or lanceolate to rhomboid or deltoid, acute to acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, 2-14 cm long, 1.5-11 cm wide, villosulose or finely strigose to puberulous above, gland-dotted and villous to tomentose beneath, the hairs silvery, terminal petiolule 5-45 mm, the laterals 2-5 mm, stipels insignificant or setose, caducous, 0.5-1 mm. Inflorescences elongate, equal to or exceeding the leaves, 9-30 cm, branching, flowers lax, peduncle 5-40 mm, pedicels 0.5-1 mm. Bracts narrowly lanceolate to ovate-deltoid, acuminate to abruptly attenuate, caducous, 3-4 mm long, 0.5-3 mm wide. Calyx not exceeding the corolla, villosulose, 4-6 mm, tube 2-2.5 mm, lobes widely lanceolate, acute, 1.5-4 mm, vexillar sinus 1-1.5 mm. Corolla dull yellow streaked with brown, 7-8 mm. Standard obovate, slightly emarginate, gland-dotted and villosulose, 7-8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, auricles 1 mm, claw 1.5-2 mm. Wings oblong, gland-dotted and villosulose, 7-7.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, claw 1.5-2 mm. Keel blades falcate, gland-dotted and villosulose, 7-8 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, claw 2 mm. Stamens 7-8 mm. Fruits oblong-ovate, plump, constricted, brown, greenish or greenish-brown (never blackish), gland-dotted, densely villosulose or puberulous, the hairs yellow or reddish, 12-24 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, beak 14 mm. Seeds subglobose, plump, red and black (the areas of coloration almost equal), 6-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, hilum ovate, 2-3 mm, strophiole lobes linear.
Species Description - Woody or suffrutescent vine, twining, to 9 m, from woody base, the stems one to several, simple or few-branched, angular, becoming terete and finally ribbonlike (1-2 cm across), villous to villosulose, becoming glabrate. Stipules ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, villosulose, caducous, 4-8 mm long, 1-3 mm wide. Petioles stout, 1.5-7(-10) cm, villous or villosulose. Leaflets 3, thin-coriaceous, ovate or lanceolate to rhomboid or deltoid, acute to acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, 2-14 cm long, 1.5-11 cm wide, villosulose or finely strigose to puberulous above, gland-dotted and villous to tomentose beneath, the hairs silvery, terminal petiolule 5-45 mm, the laterals 2-5 mm, stipels insignificant or setose, caducous, 0.5-1 mm. Inflorescences elongate, equal to or exceeding the leaves, 9-30 cm, branching, flowers lax, peduncle 5-40 mm, pedicels 0.5-1 mm. Bracts narrowly lanceolate to ovate-deltoid, acuminate to abruptly attenuate, caducous, 3-4 mm long, 0.5-3 mm wide. Calyx not exceeding the corolla, villosulose, 4-6 mm, tube 2-2.5 mm, lobes widely lanceolate, acute, 1.5-4 mm, vexillar sinus 1-1.5 mm. Corolla dull yellow streaked with brown, 7-8 mm. Standard obovate, slightly emarginate, gland-dotted and villosulose, 7-8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, auricles 1 mm, claw 1.5-2 mm. Wings oblong, gland-dotted and villosulose, 7-7.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, claw 1.5-2 mm. Keel blades falcate, gland-dotted and villosulose, 7-8 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, claw 2 mm. Stamens 7-8 mm. Fruits oblong-ovate, plump, constricted, brown, greenish or greenish-brown (never blackish), gland-dotted, densely villosulose or puberulous, the hairs yellow or reddish, 12-24 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, beak 14 mm. Seeds subglobose, plump, red and black (the areas of coloration almost equal), 6-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, hilum ovate, 2-3 mm, strophiole lobes linear.
Discussion:
Type. JAMAICA. Swartz sn, w/o date (lectotype selected, S!; syntypes, S!, two sheets, are mixed collections of R. phaseoloides and R. pyramidalis). Local Names, mulungu (Brazil: Amazonas); feijão do mato (Brazil: Maranhão); olho de onça (Brazil: Minas Gerais); favinha, favinha do campo, olho de pombo (Brazil: São Paulo); pionía (Colombia: Tolíma); peonia criolla (Cuba); pega-pelo, pimandé, liane bandée (Hispaniola); huayruru-huasca (Peru: Huánuco); huairuru (Peru: Loreto); kokriki, slinger kokrikie (Surinam); bejuco caraota (Venezuela: Bolívar). The confusion surrounding the taxonomy and typification of this species has already been discussed under the treatment of R. pyramidalis. The type collection by Swartz of Glycine phaseoloides consists of discordant elements and a lectotype has been selected from the available syntypes. The type description by Swartz has also been emended accordingly. In making the combination R. phaseoloides, de Candolle (1825) was also unaware that two distinct taxa were represented in the description of G. phaseoloides Swartz. He did, however, cite in synonymy a new generic name, Austerium Poiteau, which is based on pure collections of R. phaseoloides. De Candolle also refers to figure 2, table 608, in “Illustrations des Genres” by Lamarck & Poiret (1823). It is classified as a species of Abrus by Lamarck but it appears to be an illustration of R. phaseoloides. Rhynchosia phaseoloides has seed coloration most like that of R. precatoria, but the latter is much more variable as to both seed morphology and coloration. The leaflets of both are also similar in shape and vesture but R. precatoria does not occur in the Caribbean and only shares areas of sympatry with R. phaseoloides in southern Panama and northern Colombia where they remain distinct.
Type. JAMAICA. Swartz sn, w/o date (lectotype selected, S!; syntypes, S!, two sheets, are mixed collections of R. phaseoloides and R. pyramidalis). Local Names, mulungu (Brazil: Amazonas); feijão do mato (Brazil: Maranhão); olho de onça (Brazil: Minas Gerais); favinha, favinha do campo, olho de pombo (Brazil: São Paulo); pionía (Colombia: Tolíma); peonia criolla (Cuba); pega-pelo, pimandé, liane bandée (Hispaniola); huayruru-huasca (Peru: Huánuco); huairuru (Peru: Loreto); kokriki, slinger kokrikie (Surinam); bejuco caraota (Venezuela: Bolívar). The confusion surrounding the taxonomy and typification of this species has already been discussed under the treatment of R. pyramidalis. The type collection by Swartz of Glycine phaseoloides consists of discordant elements and a lectotype has been selected from the available syntypes. The type description by Swartz has also been emended accordingly. In making the combination R. phaseoloides, de Candolle (1825) was also unaware that two distinct taxa were represented in the description of G. phaseoloides Swartz. He did, however, cite in synonymy a new generic name, Austerium Poiteau, which is based on pure collections of R. phaseoloides. De Candolle also refers to figure 2, table 608, in “Illustrations des Genres” by Lamarck & Poiret (1823). It is classified as a species of Abrus by Lamarck but it appears to be an illustration of R. phaseoloides. Rhynchosia phaseoloides has seed coloration most like that of R. precatoria, but the latter is much more variable as to both seed morphology and coloration. The leaflets of both are also similar in shape and vesture but R. precatoria does not occur in the Caribbean and only shares areas of sympatry with R. phaseoloides in southern Panama and northern Colombia where they remain distinct.
Distribution:
West Indies| South America| Panama Central America|
West Indies| South America| Panama Central America|