Monographs Details:
Authority:
Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro. 2003. Meliococceae (Sapindaceae):. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 87: 1-178. (Published by NYBG Press)
Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro. 2003. Meliococceae (Sapindaceae):
Family:
Sapindaceae
Sapindaceae
Synonyms:
Cupania longifolia Benth.
Cupania longifolia Benth.
Description:
Species Description - Slender tree or treelet, (3)9-20 m tall (ca. 50 m fide Bentham), unbranched or with few ascending, sympodial branches on distal portion. Trunk to 20 cm in diam; bark brown, with numerous black, protruding lenticels; inner bark orangish. Distal portion of stem sulcate, glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves paripinnate, spirally arranged on distal portion of stem(s); distal process minute, truncate at apex; leaflets 8-16 (20), opposite or alternate, elliptic, oblong or less often oblanceolate, coriaceous, (6.5)11.5-30 (54) × (2.3) 3-8.5 (14) cm, glabrous, the adaxial surface with prominent midvein, the abaxial surface with scurfy-like punctations, with prominent midvein and secondary veins, tertiary veins reticulate, the apex acute to acuminate or less often rounded, the base inequilateral, one side obtuse the other acute or attenuate; petiolules 0.5-1 × 0.2-0.7 cm long, conical, pulvinate; rachis (19) 25-45(60) cm long, glabrous, triangular at base, trullate and sharply angled towards apex; petioles 30-45 cm long, sharply trigonous, striate, gradually swollen toward base. Thyrses panicle-shaped, terminal or axillary on distal part of branches, 19-50 cm long, lateral branches to 17 cm long; cataphylls acicular to subulate, persistent, 1-2 cm long; axes puberulent, obtusely angled, sulcate; bracts deltate, ca. 1 mm long; dichasia compound, sessile; pedicels 1-2 mm long, tomentose, articulate on distal portion. Calyx yellowish green, 1.2-2.5 mm long, pubescent to tomentulose, the sepals 0.5-1 mm long, oblong or ovate, concave; petals white, 2.5-4.5 mm long, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, appressed-puberulent or pubescent on the lower half of the abaxial surface, sometimes completely pubescent, glabrous adaxially, ciliate at margins, rounded at apex, clawed at base; appendage as long as the petals, long-triangular, hirsute on the distal half of the adaxial surface, glabrous abaxially, the base cuneate to clawed; disc annular, tomentose; stamens 5, the anthers lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous, 1.2 mm long, the filaments pilose or glabrous, white, of equal length; ovary densely appressed- and grayish tomentose, the style elongate with an elongated, trilobate, papillate, pinkish stigma. Fruit usually 1-3-locular, orange-yellow at maturity, trigonous-ellipsoid, 2-2.5 cm long, puberulent, the pericarp coriaceous, ca. 2 mm thick, granulose, the endocarp usually scattered pilose. Seeds ellipsoid, 1 or 2 per fruit; cotyledons superimposed, the upper cotyledon larger than the lower one.
Species Description - Slender tree or treelet, (3)9-20 m tall (ca. 50 m fide Bentham), unbranched or with few ascending, sympodial branches on distal portion. Trunk to 20 cm in diam; bark brown, with numerous black, protruding lenticels; inner bark orangish. Distal portion of stem sulcate, glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves paripinnate, spirally arranged on distal portion of stem(s); distal process minute, truncate at apex; leaflets 8-16 (20), opposite or alternate, elliptic, oblong or less often oblanceolate, coriaceous, (6.5)11.5-30 (54) × (2.3) 3-8.5 (14) cm, glabrous, the adaxial surface with prominent midvein, the abaxial surface with scurfy-like punctations, with prominent midvein and secondary veins, tertiary veins reticulate, the apex acute to acuminate or less often rounded, the base inequilateral, one side obtuse the other acute or attenuate; petiolules 0.5-1 × 0.2-0.7 cm long, conical, pulvinate; rachis (19) 25-45(60) cm long, glabrous, triangular at base, trullate and sharply angled towards apex; petioles 30-45 cm long, sharply trigonous, striate, gradually swollen toward base. Thyrses panicle-shaped, terminal or axillary on distal part of branches, 19-50 cm long, lateral branches to 17 cm long; cataphylls acicular to subulate, persistent, 1-2 cm long; axes puberulent, obtusely angled, sulcate; bracts deltate, ca. 1 mm long; dichasia compound, sessile; pedicels 1-2 mm long, tomentose, articulate on distal portion. Calyx yellowish green, 1.2-2.5 mm long, pubescent to tomentulose, the sepals 0.5-1 mm long, oblong or ovate, concave; petals white, 2.5-4.5 mm long, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, appressed-puberulent or pubescent on the lower half of the abaxial surface, sometimes completely pubescent, glabrous adaxially, ciliate at margins, rounded at apex, clawed at base; appendage as long as the petals, long-triangular, hirsute on the distal half of the adaxial surface, glabrous abaxially, the base cuneate to clawed; disc annular, tomentose; stamens 5, the anthers lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous, 1.2 mm long, the filaments pilose or glabrous, white, of equal length; ovary densely appressed- and grayish tomentose, the style elongate with an elongated, trilobate, papillate, pinkish stigma. Fruit usually 1-3-locular, orange-yellow at maturity, trigonous-ellipsoid, 2-2.5 cm long, puberulent, the pericarp coriaceous, ca. 2 mm thick, granulose, the endocarp usually scattered pilose. Seeds ellipsoid, 1 or 2 per fruit; cotyledons superimposed, the upper cotyledon larger than the lower one.
Discussion:
This species is characterized by its sharply triangular petioles and lower parts of the rachis; the distal portion of the rachis is trullate; glabrous foliage; petals that are pubescent or puberulent on lower abaxial one-half; 5 stamens with lanceolate anthers; and tomentulose disc. It is closely related to T. marleneana, which has different flowers (8 stamens with ellipsoid anthers; petals that are appressed-pubescent abaxially; and leaflets that are elliptic with prominent primary and secondary veins. The specific epithet refers to the long leaves. Flowers from June to November and fruits from July to March.
This species is characterized by its sharply triangular petioles and lower parts of the rachis; the distal portion of the rachis is trullate; glabrous foliage; petals that are pubescent or puberulent on lower abaxial one-half; 5 stamens with lanceolate anthers; and tomentulose disc. It is closely related to T. marleneana, which has different flowers (8 stamens with ellipsoid anthers; petals that are appressed-pubescent abaxially; and leaflets that are elliptic with prominent primary and secondary veins. The specific epithet refers to the long leaves. Flowers from June to November and fruits from July to March.
Distribution:
Colombia South America| Amazonas Colombia South America| Suriname South America| Brokopondo Suriname South America| Marowijne Suriname South America| Nickerie Suriname South America| Saramacca Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Approuague-Kaw French Guiana South America| Saül French Guiana South America| Brazil South America| Acre Brazil South America| Amapá Brazil South America|
Colombia South America| Amazonas Colombia South America| Suriname South America| Brokopondo Suriname South America| Marowijne Suriname South America| Nickerie Suriname South America| Saramacca Suriname South America| French Guiana South America| Approuague-Kaw French Guiana South America| Saül French Guiana South America| Brazil South America| Acre Brazil South America| Amapá Brazil South America|
Common Names:
pitomba brava, jicacara, Gaulette, gaulette indien, paicoussa
pitomba brava, jicacara, Gaulette, gaulette indien, paicoussa