Monographs Details:
Authority:
Rohwer, Jens G. 1993. Lauraceae:. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 60: 1-332. (Published by NYBG Press)
Rohwer, Jens G. 1993. Lauraceae:
Family:
Lauraceae
Lauraceae
Synonyms:
Laurus membranacea Sw., Persea membranacea Spreng., Nectandra cuspidata var. macrocarpa Nees, Oreodaphne strumosa Griseb., Nectandra cuspidata var. strumosa (Griseb.) Meisn., Nectandra leucothyrsus C.F.W.Meissn., Nectandra laevis Mez, Nectandra raimondii O.C.Schmidt, Nectandra williamsii O.C.Schmidt, Nectandra skutchii C.K.Allen, Nectandra standleyi C.K.Allen, Nectandra bondarii Coe-Teix.
Laurus membranacea Sw., Persea membranacea Spreng., Nectandra cuspidata var. macrocarpa Nees, Oreodaphne strumosa Griseb., Nectandra cuspidata var. strumosa (Griseb.) Meisn., Nectandra leucothyrsus C.F.W.Meissn., Nectandra laevis Mez, Nectandra raimondii O.C.Schmidt, Nectandra williamsii O.C.Schmidt, Nectandra skutchii C.K.Allen, Nectandra standleyi C.K.Allen, Nectandra bondarii Coe-Teix.
Description:
Species Description - Trees (rarely shrubs), up to 35 m tall (rarely exceeding 10 m in the Antilles). Branchlets 5 cm below terminal bud (1.1-) 1.8-4 mm in diam., initially ± angular and/or ridged, indument rather variable, most frequently consisting of ± short, ± appressed hairs, sometimes also with longer hairs (orientation, density and length variable, rarely reaching ca. 0.6 mm), dense to sparse below terminal bud, usually ± quickly becoming sparser; terminal buds ovoid to elongate, ca. 2-11.5 mm long and 1-3(-4) mm thick, with a dense cover of ± short (rarely up to 0.6 mm long), ± appressed hairs. Petioles (4-)5.5-16(-21) mm long, 0.8-3(-3.8) mm thick, ± irregularly roundish below, mostly ± canaliculate above with ridges along the central furrow, occasionally flattened or irregular, indument ± as on twigs, usually denser above and ± slowly glabrescent. Leaves alternate, ± elliptic to lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, widest ± at the middle or mostly slightly below, (5-)8-25(-31.5) cm long, (2.2-)2.8-9 (-11.5) cm wide, (1.6-)2.3-4.7(-5.8) times longer than wide, tip acuminate (short to long), base attenuate to broadly rounded, margin almost flat to conspicuously revolute (in most populations at least recurved), midrib clearly impressed to level above, sometimes ± slightly convex, prominent below, secondary veins slightly raised to impressed above, occasionally slightly convex, prominent below, 3-7(-8) pairs, diverging at 25-60(-70)0, in mid-lamina running at an angle of (almost 0-)10-40(-45)° to the midrib, tertiary venation finely scalariform, often rather inconspicuous, slightly impressed to slightly raised above, raised to level below. Indument (Fig. 2C, D) consisting of ± short (ca. 0.10.2 mm), ± appressed hairs, plus occasionally a few longer hairs (up to 0.4 mm), in young leaves moderately to quite sparse above, often denser on veins, moderately dense to very sparse below, often denser on veins, in mature leaves sparse to glabrous above, on midrib often p.p. persistent, moderately sparse to glabrous below except for a few hairs on veins. Axils of secondary veins not rarely sunken but without special structures (domatia, erect hairs, etc.). Gland dots in mature leaves usually not visible, rarely distinct above, occasionally visible on veins below. Inflorescences in the axils of (younger) foliage leaves, sometimes (pseudo-?)terminal, 0.6-2(-2.5) mm in diam. at the base, on a twig of 0.8-4(-4.8) mm diam., (1.5-)2.5-20 cm long, reaching ca. (1/5-) 1/3 the length to slightly more than the length of the subtending leaf (usually ca. half the length); peduncle rarely extremely short, usually 2-6.5 (-7.5) cm long, i.e., ca. 1/6-1/2 the length of the inflorescence, lateral branches (2-)4-12(-16) below the terminal cyme, branched (l-)2-5(-6) times, indument usually consisting of ± short, ± appressed hairs (rarely longer and/or ascending or erect), dense to absent on peduncle, moderately sparse to dense on flowers. Pedicels (almost 0-)l-4(-8) mm long, 0.2-0.5(-0.7) mm thick. Flowers ca. (2.4-)3-4.8(-5.5) mm in diam., tepals ± oblong to elliptic, ca. (0.9-)1.2-2(-2.7) mm long and ca. 0.6-1.2(-1.6) mm wide, with fine papillae on the inside surface, density rather variable, on outer tepals often only in basal triangle. Stamens ca. 0.5-0.8(-l) mm long including a distinct filament of ca. 0.2-0.4(-0.5) mm, in the two outer whorls filaments often adnate to the tepals, visible only from inside, anthers minutely papillose at the tip, in the two outer whorls ± transverse-elliptic to broadly trapeziform, in the third whorl ± roundish-rectangular to - obtrapeziform, in all three whorls broadly rounded to slightly emarginate at the tip (in the first whorl occasionally slightly three-pointed). Staminodes ± terete to slightly clavate, reaching ca. 2/5-2/3 the length of the stamens, mostly slightly papillose at the tip, sometimes slightly glandular on adaxial side, their filament often ± hairy, almost free or clearly united with the inner stamens at the base. Pistil ca. 1.1-1.8 mm long, glabrous, ovary ± ellipsoid, style reaching 2/3 of the length to ca. the length of the ovary. Receptacular tube ± semi-ellipsoid, usually with tightly appressed short hairs inside, rarely glabrous. Berry depressed spheroidal to (rarely) ± elongate, ca. 8-14(-19) mm long, ca. 8-14 mm in diam., cupule variable, shallowly bowl-shaped to cup-shaped or (incl. pedicel) almost clavate, almost flat or up to 6 mm high, ca. 5.5-11.5 mm in diam., pedicel ± slightly thickened to distinctly swollen, usually lenticellate.
Species Description - Trees (rarely shrubs), up to 35 m tall (rarely exceeding 10 m in the Antilles). Branchlets 5 cm below terminal bud (1.1-) 1.8-4 mm in diam., initially ± angular and/or ridged, indument rather variable, most frequently consisting of ± short, ± appressed hairs, sometimes also with longer hairs (orientation, density and length variable, rarely reaching ca. 0.6 mm), dense to sparse below terminal bud, usually ± quickly becoming sparser; terminal buds ovoid to elongate, ca. 2-11.5 mm long and 1-3(-4) mm thick, with a dense cover of ± short (rarely up to 0.6 mm long), ± appressed hairs. Petioles (4-)5.5-16(-21) mm long, 0.8-3(-3.8) mm thick, ± irregularly roundish below, mostly ± canaliculate above with ridges along the central furrow, occasionally flattened or irregular, indument ± as on twigs, usually denser above and ± slowly glabrescent. Leaves alternate, ± elliptic to lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, widest ± at the middle or mostly slightly below, (5-)8-25(-31.5) cm long, (2.2-)2.8-9 (-11.5) cm wide, (1.6-)2.3-4.7(-5.8) times longer than wide, tip acuminate (short to long), base attenuate to broadly rounded, margin almost flat to conspicuously revolute (in most populations at least recurved), midrib clearly impressed to level above, sometimes ± slightly convex, prominent below, secondary veins slightly raised to impressed above, occasionally slightly convex, prominent below, 3-7(-8) pairs, diverging at 25-60(-70)0, in mid-lamina running at an angle of (almost 0-)10-40(-45)° to the midrib, tertiary venation finely scalariform, often rather inconspicuous, slightly impressed to slightly raised above, raised to level below. Indument (Fig. 2C, D) consisting of ± short (ca. 0.10.2 mm), ± appressed hairs, plus occasionally a few longer hairs (up to 0.4 mm), in young leaves moderately to quite sparse above, often denser on veins, moderately dense to very sparse below, often denser on veins, in mature leaves sparse to glabrous above, on midrib often p.p. persistent, moderately sparse to glabrous below except for a few hairs on veins. Axils of secondary veins not rarely sunken but without special structures (domatia, erect hairs, etc.). Gland dots in mature leaves usually not visible, rarely distinct above, occasionally visible on veins below. Inflorescences in the axils of (younger) foliage leaves, sometimes (pseudo-?)terminal, 0.6-2(-2.5) mm in diam. at the base, on a twig of 0.8-4(-4.8) mm diam., (1.5-)2.5-20 cm long, reaching ca. (1/5-) 1/3 the length to slightly more than the length of the subtending leaf (usually ca. half the length); peduncle rarely extremely short, usually 2-6.5 (-7.5) cm long, i.e., ca. 1/6-1/2 the length of the inflorescence, lateral branches (2-)4-12(-16) below the terminal cyme, branched (l-)2-5(-6) times, indument usually consisting of ± short, ± appressed hairs (rarely longer and/or ascending or erect), dense to absent on peduncle, moderately sparse to dense on flowers. Pedicels (almost 0-)l-4(-8) mm long, 0.2-0.5(-0.7) mm thick. Flowers ca. (2.4-)3-4.8(-5.5) mm in diam., tepals ± oblong to elliptic, ca. (0.9-)1.2-2(-2.7) mm long and ca. 0.6-1.2(-1.6) mm wide, with fine papillae on the inside surface, density rather variable, on outer tepals often only in basal triangle. Stamens ca. 0.5-0.8(-l) mm long including a distinct filament of ca. 0.2-0.4(-0.5) mm, in the two outer whorls filaments often adnate to the tepals, visible only from inside, anthers minutely papillose at the tip, in the two outer whorls ± transverse-elliptic to broadly trapeziform, in the third whorl ± roundish-rectangular to - obtrapeziform, in all three whorls broadly rounded to slightly emarginate at the tip (in the first whorl occasionally slightly three-pointed). Staminodes ± terete to slightly clavate, reaching ca. 2/5-2/3 the length of the stamens, mostly slightly papillose at the tip, sometimes slightly glandular on adaxial side, their filament often ± hairy, almost free or clearly united with the inner stamens at the base. Pistil ca. 1.1-1.8 mm long, glabrous, ovary ± ellipsoid, style reaching 2/3 of the length to ca. the length of the ovary. Receptacular tube ± semi-ellipsoid, usually with tightly appressed short hairs inside, rarely glabrous. Berry depressed spheroidal to (rarely) ± elongate, ca. 8-14(-19) mm long, ca. 8-14 mm in diam., cupule variable, shallowly bowl-shaped to cup-shaped or (incl. pedicel) almost clavate, almost flat or up to 6 mm high, ca. 5.5-11.5 mm in diam., pedicel ± slightly thickened to distinctly swollen, usually lenticellate.
Discussion:
Uses. With few exceptions, the wood is described as relatively soft but durable, used in construction and for furniture. Only in some of the high-altitude forms (which may deserve specific status) is it considered of low quality.As circumscribed here, Nectandra membranacea is what could be called a “collective species.” In the Antilles, in Central America, and in southern Brazil it is relatively uniform (except for considerable variation in the size of the leaves), whereas in the Andean countries it includes such an array of different forms that I am almost certain that several species are involved.Whenever I looked at the Peruvian material I was tempted to segregate Nectandra williamsii on the one end of the variational range and the high-altitude group from Oxapampa on the other end from N. membranacea in a narrower sense. Nectandra williamsii differs from typical N. membranacea by very small leaves, which have lost the transverse orientation of the tertiary veins, and it seems to occur in seasonally inundated forest, a condition otherwise unknown in N. membranacea. The Oxapampa group differs mainly by slightly larger anthers, and by the presence of longer hairs on all parts. In contrast to N. membranacea s.str., its wood is said to be of poor quality. Both of these extreme groups, however, are linked to the typical forms by a series of intermediates, so that I cannot tell where to draw the specific boundary.Another group that may deserve specific status is found in Bolivia. It is represented mainly by several Buchtien collections (726-730,732, 733 in F, HGB and/or US), and by Gentry 44308 and Solomon 9565 (HBG, MO). These collections differ from typical Nectandra membranacea by a dense, brownish indument on the young twigs, almost as in N. cuspidata (p. 104), and by an, at least in larger leaves, broadly obtuse to rounded, more or less flat leaf base. However, the indument is slightly less developed in Bang 1680, and still less in Rusby 705, bridging the gap to Gentry 44397 (AAU, HBG, MO), a relatively typical N. membranacea from the same region. The outline of the leaves is unusually variable within the Bolivian group. Both the highest and the lowest length-to-width ratio given above come from the Buchtien collections.Other somewhat more hairy forms come from different parts of South America, like Barbosa & Zarucchi 2973 from Colombia, Reynel 158 from Amazonian Peru, and Peckolt 12 (NY) from Rio de Janeiro. An apparently distinctive form with much longer hairs has been segregated as N. obtusata (see p. 113). The complex is still poorly understood, and further collections are needed.When sterile, or collected with very immature fruits, N. membranacea can be scarcely separable from N. olida (see p. 117), but both the flowers and the mature fruits are clearly different in the two species. A possible hybrid between the two is Young & Eisenberg 438 B (MO), in which the anthers are somewhat intermediate in shape, and apparently sterile.In the original description, Nectandra laevis is based on two collections, Jelski 186 and Rusby 705, and the protologue does not allow a clear decision on which one was primarily described. I decided in favor of the Jelski collection, because it is clearly the better material. This decision, however, seems to make N. raimondii a homotypic synonym, although a different collector and a different number are cited. During two visits to the Berlin herbarium, I was unable to find the holotype and most of the paratypes of N. raimondii. They were probably destroyed in the Second World War. Of the three remaining paratypes two agree in every detail (locality, date, local name, and a peculiar monstrosity in the inflorescence) with Jelski 186, and the same is true for the fragment of a fourth one in F. Therefore it must be assumed that the types of N. raimondii were collected at the same time from the same tree as Jelski 186, type of N. laevis.In an earlier publication (Rohwer, 1986), I had placed Nectandra cuspidata var. macrocarpa under N. cuspidata. The type is fruiting, therefore the lack of the characteristic indument of N. cuspidata seemed irrelevant. However, N. cuspidata is not known from Rio de Janeiro, but narrowleaved forms of N. membranacea are. These forms had been described as N. leucothyrsus by Meissner. The holotype of this name in BR and the isotype in B agree with Meissner’s description of the species, but the isotype in U and a specimen in Meissner’s herbarium (Peckolt 12, NY) are much more hairy.
Uses. With few exceptions, the wood is described as relatively soft but durable, used in construction and for furniture. Only in some of the high-altitude forms (which may deserve specific status) is it considered of low quality.As circumscribed here, Nectandra membranacea is what could be called a “collective species.” In the Antilles, in Central America, and in southern Brazil it is relatively uniform (except for considerable variation in the size of the leaves), whereas in the Andean countries it includes such an array of different forms that I am almost certain that several species are involved.Whenever I looked at the Peruvian material I was tempted to segregate Nectandra williamsii on the one end of the variational range and the high-altitude group from Oxapampa on the other end from N. membranacea in a narrower sense. Nectandra williamsii differs from typical N. membranacea by very small leaves, which have lost the transverse orientation of the tertiary veins, and it seems to occur in seasonally inundated forest, a condition otherwise unknown in N. membranacea. The Oxapampa group differs mainly by slightly larger anthers, and by the presence of longer hairs on all parts. In contrast to N. membranacea s.str., its wood is said to be of poor quality. Both of these extreme groups, however, are linked to the typical forms by a series of intermediates, so that I cannot tell where to draw the specific boundary.Another group that may deserve specific status is found in Bolivia. It is represented mainly by several Buchtien collections (726-730,732, 733 in F, HGB and/or US), and by Gentry 44308 and Solomon 9565 (HBG, MO). These collections differ from typical Nectandra membranacea by a dense, brownish indument on the young twigs, almost as in N. cuspidata (p. 104), and by an, at least in larger leaves, broadly obtuse to rounded, more or less flat leaf base. However, the indument is slightly less developed in Bang 1680, and still less in Rusby 705, bridging the gap to Gentry 44397 (AAU, HBG, MO), a relatively typical N. membranacea from the same region. The outline of the leaves is unusually variable within the Bolivian group. Both the highest and the lowest length-to-width ratio given above come from the Buchtien collections.Other somewhat more hairy forms come from different parts of South America, like Barbosa & Zarucchi 2973 from Colombia, Reynel 158 from Amazonian Peru, and Peckolt 12 (NY) from Rio de Janeiro. An apparently distinctive form with much longer hairs has been segregated as N. obtusata (see p. 113). The complex is still poorly understood, and further collections are needed.When sterile, or collected with very immature fruits, N. membranacea can be scarcely separable from N. olida (see p. 117), but both the flowers and the mature fruits are clearly different in the two species. A possible hybrid between the two is Young & Eisenberg 438 B (MO), in which the anthers are somewhat intermediate in shape, and apparently sterile.In the original description, Nectandra laevis is based on two collections, Jelski 186 and Rusby 705, and the protologue does not allow a clear decision on which one was primarily described. I decided in favor of the Jelski collection, because it is clearly the better material. This decision, however, seems to make N. raimondii a homotypic synonym, although a different collector and a different number are cited. During two visits to the Berlin herbarium, I was unable to find the holotype and most of the paratypes of N. raimondii. They were probably destroyed in the Second World War. Of the three remaining paratypes two agree in every detail (locality, date, local name, and a peculiar monstrosity in the inflorescence) with Jelski 186, and the same is true for the fragment of a fourth one in F. Therefore it must be assumed that the types of N. raimondii were collected at the same time from the same tree as Jelski 186, type of N. laevis.In an earlier publication (Rohwer, 1986), I had placed Nectandra cuspidata var. macrocarpa under N. cuspidata. The type is fruiting, therefore the lack of the characteristic indument of N. cuspidata seemed irrelevant. However, N. cuspidata is not known from Rio de Janeiro, but narrowleaved forms of N. membranacea are. These forms had been described as N. leucothyrsus by Meissner. The holotype of this name in BR and the isotype in B agree with Meissner’s description of the species, but the isotype in U and a specimen in Meissner’s herbarium (Peckolt 12, NY) are much more hairy.
Distribution and Ecology: One of the most frequent, widespread, and variable species, apparently disjunct. The main range extends from Nicaragua and Cuba through Central America, the Antilles, northern Venezuela, and western South America south to Bolivia, whereas the second range corresponds largely to the region of the coastal rainforest of southern and eastern Brazil. A few collections have been made in Mexico. Nectandra membranacea grows in a variety of habitats from near sea level to ca. 2400 m altitude, at lower elevation often in secondary vegetation
Phenology: Main flowering times are June to December in Costa Rica and Panama, June to October in the Antilles, May to September and again December in Venezuela, January to March in southern and eastern Brazil, and December and January in Bolivia. In Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru we find more complicated patterns, probably depending on altitude and exposure. Main fruiting times are recognizable only in Costa Rica (January to April) and the Antilles (February to May). Elsewhere there are either too few fruiting collections, or they were made scattered throughout the year
Distribution:
Mexico North America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Chontales Nicaragua Central America| Costa Rica South America| Alajuela Costa Rica Central America| Cartago Costa Rica Central America| Guanacaste Costa Rica Central America| Heredia Costa Rica Central America| Limón Costa Rica Central America| Puntarenas Costa Rica Central America| San José Costa Rica Central America| Panama Central America| Bocas del Toro Panamá Central America| Chiriquí Panamá Central America| Coclé Panamá Central America| Colón Panama Central America| Panamá Panama Central America| Cuba South America| Oriente Cuba South America| Jamaica South America| Haiti South America| Dominican Republic South America| Puerto Rico South America| Antigua and Barbuda South America| Saint Kitts and Nevis South America| Guadeloupe South America| Dominica South America| Martinique South America| Saint Lucia South America| Grenada South America| Barbados South America| Colombia South America| Antioquia Colombia South America| Boyacá Colombia South America| Cauca Colombia South America| Chocó Colombia South America| Cundinamarca Colombia South America| Guajira Colombia South America| Huila Colombia South America| Magdalena Colombia South America| Norte de Santander Colombia South America| Tolima Colombia South America| Valle Colombia South America| Vichada Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Anzoátegui Venezuela South America| Aragua Venezuela South America| Barinas Venezuela South America| Falcón Venezuela South America| Lara Venezuela South America| Mérida Venezuela South America| Miranda Venezuela South America| Monagas Venezuela South America| Táchira Venezuela South America| Zulia Venezuela South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America| Ecuador South America| Bolívar Ecuador South America| Carchi Ecuador South America| Cotopaxi Ecuador South America| El Oro Ecuador South America| Imbabura Ecuador South America| Los Ríos Ecuador South America| Manabí Ecuador South America| Morona-Santiago Ecuador South America| Napo Ecuador South America| Pastaza Ecuador South America| Pichincha Ecuador South America| Peru South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Cajamarca Peru South America| Cusco Peru South America| Huánuco Peru South America| Junín Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Madre de Dios Peru South America| Pasco Peru South America| San Martín Peru South America| Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Santa Catarina Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| La Paz Bolivia South America|
Mexico North America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Chontales Nicaragua Central America| Costa Rica South America| Alajuela Costa Rica Central America| Cartago Costa Rica Central America| Guanacaste Costa Rica Central America| Heredia Costa Rica Central America| Limón Costa Rica Central America| Puntarenas Costa Rica Central America| San José Costa Rica Central America| Panama Central America| Bocas del Toro Panamá Central America| Chiriquí Panamá Central America| Coclé Panamá Central America| Colón Panama Central America| Panamá Panama Central America| Cuba South America| Oriente Cuba South America| Jamaica South America| Haiti South America| Dominican Republic South America| Puerto Rico South America| Antigua and Barbuda South America| Saint Kitts and Nevis South America| Guadeloupe South America| Dominica South America| Martinique South America| Saint Lucia South America| Grenada South America| Barbados South America| Colombia South America| Antioquia Colombia South America| Boyacá Colombia South America| Cauca Colombia South America| Chocó Colombia South America| Cundinamarca Colombia South America| Guajira Colombia South America| Huila Colombia South America| Magdalena Colombia South America| Norte de Santander Colombia South America| Tolima Colombia South America| Valle Colombia South America| Vichada Colombia South America| Venezuela South America| Anzoátegui Venezuela South America| Aragua Venezuela South America| Barinas Venezuela South America| Falcón Venezuela South America| Lara Venezuela South America| Mérida Venezuela South America| Miranda Venezuela South America| Monagas Venezuela South America| Táchira Venezuela South America| Zulia Venezuela South America| Trinidad and Tobago South America| Ecuador South America| Bolívar Ecuador South America| Carchi Ecuador South America| Cotopaxi Ecuador South America| El Oro Ecuador South America| Imbabura Ecuador South America| Los Ríos Ecuador South America| Manabí Ecuador South America| Morona-Santiago Ecuador South America| Napo Ecuador South America| Pastaza Ecuador South America| Pichincha Ecuador South America| Peru South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Cajamarca Peru South America| Cusco Peru South America| Huánuco Peru South America| Junín Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Madre de Dios Peru South America| Pasco Peru South America| San Martín Peru South America| Brazil South America| Bahia Brazil South America| Espirito Santo Brazil South America| Minas Gerais Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Rio de Janeiro Brazil South America| Rondônia Brazil South America| Santa Catarina Brazil South America| São Paulo Brazil South America| Bolivia South America| La Paz Bolivia South America|
Common Names:
aguacatillo, quizarrá, quizarrá quina, sigua, sigua amarillo, sigua bianco, sweet-wood, cigua, laurel, laurel prieto, laurier noir, laurier caca, laurier isabelle, laurier marbre, laurier meuble, lorier zabrico, bois négresse, bois violon, laurier bois, laurier bois doux, laurier doux, laurier gland, aguacatillo de monte, laurel, laurel amarillo, laurel azuloso hoji-alargado, laurel lanza grabo, laurel pava, opa-cheero, yigua, laurel, laurel mancanillo, zaboca, aguacatillo, ajua, arash, chin amarillo, Jigua, paach, isma moena, moena, mundshuy gateado, pishcu ñahui moena, roble amarillo, roble bianco, roble Corriente, roble playa, canela, Canela branca, Canela branca do brejo
aguacatillo, quizarrá, quizarrá quina, sigua, sigua amarillo, sigua bianco, sweet-wood, cigua, laurel, laurel prieto, laurier noir, laurier caca, laurier isabelle, laurier marbre, laurier meuble, lorier zabrico, bois négresse, bois violon, laurier bois, laurier bois doux, laurier doux, laurier gland, aguacatillo de monte, laurel, laurel amarillo, laurel azuloso hoji-alargado, laurel lanza grabo, laurel pava, opa-cheero, yigua, laurel, laurel mancanillo, zaboca, aguacatillo, ajua, arash, chin amarillo, Jigua, paach, isma moena, moena, mundshuy gateado, pishcu ñahui moena, roble amarillo, roble bianco, roble Corriente, roble playa, canela, Canela branca, Canela branca do brejo