Monographs Details:
Authority:
Luteyn, James L., et al. 1995. Ericaceae, Part II. The Superior-Ovaried Genera (Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Rhododendroideae, and Vaccinioideae P.P.). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 66: 560. (Published by NYBG Press)
Luteyn, James L., et al. 1995. Ericaceae, Part II. The Superior-Ovaried Genera (Monotropoideae, Pyroloideae, Rhododendroideae, and Vaccinioideae P.P.). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 66: 560. (Published by NYBG Press)
Family:
Monotropaceae
Monotropaceae
Synonyms:
Hypopitys monotropa Crantz, Monotropa multiflora Fritsch
Hypopitys monotropa Crantz, Monotropa multiflora Fritsch
Description:
Species Description - Inflorescence racemose, rarely reduced to a solitary flower, light yellow to reddish, 5-30 cm high (from root connection), 1-10 mm diam, below lowermost flower, glabrous or variously pubescent; floral bracts elliptic to ovate, 8-15 × 3-15 mm, margins erose, irregularly toothed; pedicels slender, 2-20 mm long, elongating to 30 mm in fruit, 1-2 mm diam., finely pubescent to nearly glabrous, sometimes glandular; bracteoles sometimes present, not consistently so even within populations, to 10 × 5 mm. Flowers cylindric, often constricted distally; calyx distinct from corolla, sepals 4-5 or occasionally absent, 7-12 mm × 1-5 mm, usually pubescent within; corolla of 4-5 petals divergent at apices, 817 × 4-8 mm, oblong to oblanceolate, narrowly saccate at constricted base, rounded to acute at apices, usually reflexed at tip; stamens 8-10 in two series of alternating lengths, 5-14 mm long; anthers hippocrepiform, 0.8-1.5 mm long, each dehiscent by a single terminal slit over the connate sacs; ovary 4-8 × 3-6 mm, usually pubescent, locules 4-5, nectary lobes short, stout, flanking filaments; stigma umbilicate, 1.5-3 mm diam., often subtended by ring of stiff hairs; style uniformly slender, joining abruptly with ovary, 2-10 × 1-2 mm. Capsule 610 × 4-8 mm, perianth segments tending to be early deciduous in fruit, capsular segments often irregularly deciduous. Chromosomes: Reports under the following names M. hypophegea 2n = 16 (Love & Love, 1944), M. hirsuta 2n = 48 (Hagerup, 1944), M. lanuginosa 2n = 32 (Love, 1954), M. hypopithys n = 24 (Baker & Parfitt, 1982); 2n = ca. 48 (Uotila & Pellinen, 1985).
Species Description - Inflorescence racemose, rarely reduced to a solitary flower, light yellow to reddish, 5-30 cm high (from root connection), 1-10 mm diam, below lowermost flower, glabrous or variously pubescent; floral bracts elliptic to ovate, 8-15 × 3-15 mm, margins erose, irregularly toothed; pedicels slender, 2-20 mm long, elongating to 30 mm in fruit, 1-2 mm diam., finely pubescent to nearly glabrous, sometimes glandular; bracteoles sometimes present, not consistently so even within populations, to 10 × 5 mm. Flowers cylindric, often constricted distally; calyx distinct from corolla, sepals 4-5 or occasionally absent, 7-12 mm × 1-5 mm, usually pubescent within; corolla of 4-5 petals divergent at apices, 817 × 4-8 mm, oblong to oblanceolate, narrowly saccate at constricted base, rounded to acute at apices, usually reflexed at tip; stamens 8-10 in two series of alternating lengths, 5-14 mm long; anthers hippocrepiform, 0.8-1.5 mm long, each dehiscent by a single terminal slit over the connate sacs; ovary 4-8 × 3-6 mm, usually pubescent, locules 4-5, nectary lobes short, stout, flanking filaments; stigma umbilicate, 1.5-3 mm diam., often subtended by ring of stiff hairs; style uniformly slender, joining abruptly with ovary, 2-10 × 1-2 mm. Capsule 610 × 4-8 mm, perianth segments tending to be early deciduous in fruit, capsular segments often irregularly deciduous. Chromosomes: Reports under the following names M. hypophegea 2n = 16 (Love & Love, 1944), M. hirsuta 2n = 48 (Hagerup, 1944), M. lanuginosa 2n = 32 (Love, 1954), M. hypopithys n = 24 (Baker & Parfitt, 1982); 2n = ca. 48 (Uotila & Pellinen, 1985).
Discussion:
Monotropa hypopitys is generally characterized by its racemose inflorescences ranging from yellowish to reddish. Formally recognized variants predominate in the temperate boreal range of this species (see Wallace, 1975a, for a full discussion). Local distribution in the Valle de Mexico is treated in Barrios (1984).
Monotropa hypopitys is generally characterized by its racemose inflorescences ranging from yellowish to reddish. Formally recognized variants predominate in the temperate boreal range of this species (see Wallace, 1975a, for a full discussion). Local distribution in the Valle de Mexico is treated in Barrios (1984).
Distribution and Ecology: Boreal and temperate forests of Europe and North America, with broad southern cordilleran extensions in the regions of southern Asia and the Himalayas. In the Neotropics, found in Mexico and Guatemala, growing in forests of Pinus, Abies, and Quercus at elevations of 1800-4000 m. Flowering specimens have been collected in May-Feb but are usually found Jun-Sep.
Distribution:
Mexico North America| Chihuahua Mexico North America| Coahuila Mexico North America| Durango Mexico North America| Guerrero Mexico North America| Hidalgo Mexico North America| Jalisco Mexico North America| México Mexico North America| Michoacán Mexico North America| Morelos Mexico North America| Oaxaca Mexico North America| Puebla Mexico North America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Guatemala Central America| Sololá Guatemala Central America| Zacapa Guatemala Central America|
Mexico North America| Chihuahua Mexico North America| Coahuila Mexico North America| Durango Mexico North America| Guerrero Mexico North America| Hidalgo Mexico North America| Jalisco Mexico North America| México Mexico North America| Michoacán Mexico North America| Morelos Mexico North America| Oaxaca Mexico North America| Puebla Mexico North America| Veracruz Mexico North America| Guatemala Central America| Sololá Guatemala Central America| Zacapa Guatemala Central America|