Monographs Details:
Authority:
Luteyn, James L. 1983. Ericaceae--part I. Cavendishia. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 35: 1-290. (Published by NYBG Press)
Luteyn, James L. 1983. Ericaceae--part I. Cavendishia. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 35: 1-290. (Published by NYBG Press)
Family:
Ericaceae
Ericaceae
Synonyms:
Chupalon endresii (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Cavendishia glutinosa Hoerold
Chupalon endresii (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Cavendishia glutinosa Hoerold
Description:
Species Description - Terrestrial and epiphytic shrub to 1-2.5 m tall; stem base 2.5-4 cm in diam.; mature branches terete but often ridged and striate, glabrous, brick-red or grayish; bark brown or reddish-brown when fresh; twigs subterete to obtusely angled, striate, densely puberulent and usually also provided with red, clavate glandular fimbriae which are soon caducous, brick-red or reddish-brown. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, (3.5-)5-8.5(-11) x 1-2 cm, basally cuneate or infrequently obtuse or rounded, apically long-acuminate, glabrous except for adaxial surface or midrib which is densely puberulent proximally becoming glabrate distally and leaf apex which may be conspicuously ciliate (to 0.3 mm long) along margins; pinnately veined or conspicuously (3-)5(-7)-plinerved with lateral nerves arising above base and always much thinner than midrib, usually only inner pair of lateral nerves extending to apex, midrib raised and conspicuous on both surfaces, lateral nerves and veinlets plane or more commonly slightly raised and conspicuous above, raised but usually only lateral nerves obvious beneath; petioles terete, rugose, 2.5-5(-7) mm long and 1-1.5 mm in diam., densely puberulent adaxially, rarely becoming glabrate. Inflorescence (3-)4-5 (-8)-flowered, narrowly fusiform in bud; rachis bluntly angled, minutely striate, viscid, glabrous, 1-3 cm long and 1 mm in diam., pale green to pinkish, rarely provided with few, red clavate glands at base; floral bracts oblong to oblanceolate, 15-20(-25) X 5-10(-15) mm, basally narrowed and sessile, apically rounded to acute, marginally scarious, short-ciliate and often revolute, purple to reddish-purple or rarely rose; pedicels swollen apically, smooth or ridged, glabrous, (3.5-) 5-9 mm long and 0.5 mm in diam., pale green to pinkish, with distal swollen tip completely encircled with sessile, angular or disc-shaped flesh-colored glands; bracteoles lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.5-1.5 x 0.5-1 mm, glabrous, green completely glandular-callose except for small central basal portion. Flowers: calyx glabrous, 3-4 mm long, pink to dark wine-red at anthesis but turning pale green after anthesis, lobes always dark green; hypanthium bluntly 5-angled or -ribbed, 1-1.5 mm long, conspicuously apophysate basally; limb campanulate or rarely cylindric, smooth, (1.5-)2-2.5(-3) mm long; lobes triangular, 0.5-1 x 0.5-1.5 mm, erect after anthesis, completely glandular-callose; sinus broadly rounded to almost flat; corolla slightly constricted basally, slightly narrowed to throat, glabrous, (10-)15-20 mm long and 2.5-5 mm in diam., tube white at base and upper ¼-1/3, purple or reddish-purple or rarely rose in middle, lobes white with purple or rose tips and margins, lobes triangular to oblong, 1.5-2 mm long; stamens 12.5-16 mm long; filaments glabrate, alternately 1.5-3.5 mm and 3.5-5.5 mm long; anthers alternately 10.5-15 mm and 8.5-12.5 mm long; thecae 2-4 mm long; style exserted at anthesis, 14.5-19 mm long. Berry 10-12 mm diam.
Species Description - Terrestrial and epiphytic shrub to 1-2.5 m tall; stem base 2.5-4 cm in diam.; mature branches terete but often ridged and striate, glabrous, brick-red or grayish; bark brown or reddish-brown when fresh; twigs subterete to obtusely angled, striate, densely puberulent and usually also provided with red, clavate glandular fimbriae which are soon caducous, brick-red or reddish-brown. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, (3.5-)5-8.5(-11) x 1-2 cm, basally cuneate or infrequently obtuse or rounded, apically long-acuminate, glabrous except for adaxial surface or midrib which is densely puberulent proximally becoming glabrate distally and leaf apex which may be conspicuously ciliate (to 0.3 mm long) along margins; pinnately veined or conspicuously (3-)5(-7)-plinerved with lateral nerves arising above base and always much thinner than midrib, usually only inner pair of lateral nerves extending to apex, midrib raised and conspicuous on both surfaces, lateral nerves and veinlets plane or more commonly slightly raised and conspicuous above, raised but usually only lateral nerves obvious beneath; petioles terete, rugose, 2.5-5(-7) mm long and 1-1.5 mm in diam., densely puberulent adaxially, rarely becoming glabrate. Inflorescence (3-)4-5 (-8)-flowered, narrowly fusiform in bud; rachis bluntly angled, minutely striate, viscid, glabrous, 1-3 cm long and 1 mm in diam., pale green to pinkish, rarely provided with few, red clavate glands at base; floral bracts oblong to oblanceolate, 15-20(-25) X 5-10(-15) mm, basally narrowed and sessile, apically rounded to acute, marginally scarious, short-ciliate and often revolute, purple to reddish-purple or rarely rose; pedicels swollen apically, smooth or ridged, glabrous, (3.5-) 5-9 mm long and 0.5 mm in diam., pale green to pinkish, with distal swollen tip completely encircled with sessile, angular or disc-shaped flesh-colored glands; bracteoles lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.5-1.5 x 0.5-1 mm, glabrous, green completely glandular-callose except for small central basal portion. Flowers: calyx glabrous, 3-4 mm long, pink to dark wine-red at anthesis but turning pale green after anthesis, lobes always dark green; hypanthium bluntly 5-angled or -ribbed, 1-1.5 mm long, conspicuously apophysate basally; limb campanulate or rarely cylindric, smooth, (1.5-)2-2.5(-3) mm long; lobes triangular, 0.5-1 x 0.5-1.5 mm, erect after anthesis, completely glandular-callose; sinus broadly rounded to almost flat; corolla slightly constricted basally, slightly narrowed to throat, glabrous, (10-)15-20 mm long and 2.5-5 mm in diam., tube white at base and upper ¼-1/3, purple or reddish-purple or rarely rose in middle, lobes white with purple or rose tips and margins, lobes triangular to oblong, 1.5-2 mm long; stamens 12.5-16 mm long; filaments glabrate, alternately 1.5-3.5 mm and 3.5-5.5 mm long; anthers alternately 10.5-15 mm and 8.5-12.5 mm long; thecae 2-4 mm long; style exserted at anthesis, 14.5-19 mm long. Berry 10-12 mm diam.
Discussion:
Cavendishia endresii is characterized by pinnately veined or plinerved leaves, short rachis bearing ca. 4-5 flowers, short-ciliate reddish-purple to purple floral bracts, pedicellar glands, almost completely glandular-callose bracteoles, and purpie or reddish-purple corollas with white base and tip. The very large, angular, flesh-colored glands at the tip of the pedicel are diagnostic for this Central American species.A supposed relationship to C. wercklei (Smith, 1932) was based on misidentifications of C. endresii and C. wercklei from Panama (see Luteyn, 1976 for discussion). Cavendishia endresii is related to the Colombian C. violacea and C. aurantiaca with which it has in common (sometimes) pinnately veined leaves, and angular glands on the pedicel tips. The differences are outlined in the key.
Cavendishia endresii is characterized by pinnately veined or plinerved leaves, short rachis bearing ca. 4-5 flowers, short-ciliate reddish-purple to purple floral bracts, pedicellar glands, almost completely glandular-callose bracteoles, and purpie or reddish-purple corollas with white base and tip. The very large, angular, flesh-colored glands at the tip of the pedicel are diagnostic for this Central American species.A supposed relationship to C. wercklei (Smith, 1932) was based on misidentifications of C. endresii and C. wercklei from Panama (see Luteyn, 1976 for discussion). Cavendishia endresii is related to the Colombian C. violacea and C. aurantiaca with which it has in common (sometimes) pinnately veined leaves, and angular glands on the pedicel tips. The differences are outlined in the key.
Distribution:
Costa Rica South America| Alajuela Costa Rica Central America| Cartago Costa Rica Central America| Heredia Costa Rica Central America| San José Costa Rica Central America|
Costa Rica South America| Alajuela Costa Rica Central America| Cartago Costa Rica Central America| Heredia Costa Rica Central America| San José Costa Rica Central America|
Common Names:
colmillo
colmillo
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