{"id":40,"date":"2016-09-06T15:21:25","date_gmt":"2016-09-06T15:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sycamore.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/?post_type=portfolio&#038;p=40"},"modified":"2016-09-26T13:57:34","modified_gmt":"2016-09-26T13:57:34","slug":"phylogeny","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/portfolio\/phylogeny\/","title":{"rendered":"Phylogeny"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> Phylogeny<\/h2>\n<p>by Alejandra Vasco<\/p>\n<h3>Intergeneric relations of <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i><\/h3>\n<p>The relationships of <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> to other ferns have been examined by several molecular phylogenetic studies. The monophyly of the genus and its placement within the Dryopteridaceae has received strong support from two molecular phylogenetic studies (Liu &amp; al., 2007; Schuettpelz &amp; Pryer, 2007). These molecular studies suggest that<i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> is part of a clade that also contains the genera <i>Lomagramma<\/i>,<i>Teratophyllum<\/i>, and <i>Bolbitis<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h3>Intrageneric relationships of <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i><\/h3>\n<p>There have been several attempts to split <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> in smaller groups to make it more manageable taxonomically (F\u00e9e, 1845; Sodiro, 1893; Christ, 1899; Holttum, 1966; Mickel &amp; Atehort\u00faa, 1980). The most recent and comprehensive of these (Mickel &amp; Atehort\u00faa, 1980) divides <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> into nine sections and 21 subsections, and provides keys to distinguish these groups. This study, which is a non-cladistic, morphological one, has served as the main framework for further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Phylogenetic relationships within <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> have been examined by two studies using chloroplast DNA (Rouhan &amp; al., 2004; Skog &amp; al., 2004). These studies clearly support five of the nine sections originally proposed by Mickel and Atehort\u00faa. The five clades were: 1) the\u00a0<a href=\"taxon-checklist\/?ClaSection=Amygdalifolium\">Amygdalifolia<\/a> clade, sister to the rest of the genus and consisting of the single species <i>E. amygdalifolium<\/i> (Mett. ex Kuhn) H. Christ, characterized by long-creeping rhizomes, hydathodes, phyllopodia, and reddish young fronds; 2) the <a href=\"taxon-checklist\/?ClaSection=Elaphoglossum\">Elaphoglossum<\/a> clade, consisting of two well supported subclades Platyglossa and Pachyglossa, which are sister and contain species with phyllopodia and inconspicuously scaly or glabrous laminae (no known macromorphological characters separate the two subclades, but their perispores differ; Moran &amp; al., 2007); 3) the <a href=\"taxon-checklist\/?ClaSection=Squamipedia\">Squamipedia<\/a> clade, characterized by long-creeping rhizomes, distichously arranged leaves, 1-2 mm long peg-like aerophores, leaves less than 15 cm long, and echinulate spores; 4) the <a href=\"taxon-checklist\/?ClaSection=Subulata\">Subulata<\/a> clade, characterized by subulate scales (enrolled at the base); and 5) the <a href=\"taxon-checklist\/?ClaSection=Lepidoglossa\">Lepidoglossa<\/a> clade, sister to the subulata clade and characterized by phyllopodia, scaly laminae, and scales with acicular marginal cells.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41\" src=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2016\/09\/clade.jpg\" alt=\"clade\" width=\"500\" height=\"649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2016\/09\/clade.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2016\/09\/clade-231x300.jpg 231w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-size: 10pt;text-align:justify\">Phylogeny of <i>Elaphoglossum<\/i> showing the five major clades that correspond with the sections proposed by Mickel &amp; Atehort\u00faa (1980). The tree is a strict consensus of 1008 most parsimonious trees (trnL-trnF and rps4-TrnS) from Rouhan et al (2004).<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Our goal is to continue exploring the genus morphologically and molecularly, to include more species to test the monophyly of the major clades, and to find consistent morphological characters to define them. By combining molecular and morphological phylogenetic data, we hope to detect small clades that can be conveniently monographed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elaphoglossum Phylogeny by Alejandra Vasco Intergeneric relations of Elaphoglossum The relationships of Elaphoglossum to other ferns have been examined by several molecular phylogenetic studies. The monophyly of the genus and its placement within the Dryopteridaceae has received strong support from &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/portfolio\/phylogeny\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"portfolio-type":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/40"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/projects\/elaphoglossum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio-type?post=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}