Inga pulcherrima Sweet [Hort. brit. 1: 483. 1827, nom. nud.] ex Paxton, Mag. Bot. 11: 147 + fig. 1844. — Described from plants cultivated at Chatsworth. — Lectotypus, the cited figure!. — A plant from "Chelsea, 1848," ex herb. Thomas Moore (K) confirms its identity.

Mimosa yaguaronensis Larrañaga, Inst. Hist. Geograf. Uruguay 1: 176. 1922. — "Se cultiva . . . traído de Yaguarón." — No specimen seen; equated with C. tweedii by Burkart, Darwiniana 8: 226. 1948.

Calliandra tweedii sensu Bentham, 1844: 107; 1875: 553; Burkart, 1952: 111; Parodi, Encicl. Argent. Agri. Jard. 455, fig. 126C. 1959; Hoc, 1992: 215, fig. 6 + map 2.

C. tweediei sensu Hooker, Bot. Mag. 71, t. 4: 88. 1845; Bentham, 1876: 424; Glaziou, 1905: 188, exclus. no. 10608, which = Chloroleucon dumosum (Bentham) G. Lewis; Spegazzini, 1926: 196.

Anneslia tweediei sensu Boynton, Addisonia 1: 75, t. 78 1917.

Arborescent shrubs and treelets 1-3 (-5) m with widely spreading branches, dwarfed and diffuse in rocky places, the young stems, lf-axes, and peduncles variably pilose or pilosulous with either straight or entangled, gray or whitish hairs but the branchlets quickly glabrate, often blanched in age, the plane narrow lfts either facially glabrous or on dorsal face thinly pilosulous, commonly ciliate with fine white hairs to 0.6-1.4 mm, less often glabrous overall, the compactly umbelliform capitula arising singly, subtended by papery striate efoliate stipules, from near base of short-shoots axillary to coeval lvs, the soft new foliage and the showy red capitula expanding ± coevally at annual renewal of growth; phyllotaxy distichous. Stipules papery brown multi-striate, mostly broadly to narrowly lanceolate or elliptic 4—16 mm, loosely involute, deciduous. Lf-formula (ii-)iii-v (-vi)/25-42(^-5); lf-stks when fully grown (2-)2.5-6.5(-8) cm, the petiole 0.5-2 cm, the longer interpinnal segments 0.6-1.5 cm, the ventral groove interrupted between pinna-pairs; pinnae subequilong, the longer ones 2-5(-6.5) cm, the longer interfoliolar segments 0.5-1.3 mm; lfts sessile against rachis and decrescent at each end of it, the pulvinules 0.15-0.25 mm, the blades linear from shallowly auriculate-semicordate base, acute or deltate-apiculate, straight or nearly so, those near mid-rachis 5.5-10 x 1-1.8 mm, 5-6.4 times as long as wide; venation simple or faintly pinnate, the subcentric midrib usually immersed on upper face, pallid and finely prominulous beneath. Peduncles 2-4(-5) cm, charged below middle with a lanceolate or narrow-elliptic, striate bract 3-9 mm; capitula ±8—16-fld, the fls moderately heteromorphic, the peripheral ones subsessile to distinctly pedicellate, one or more subterminal ones scarcely longer but sessile and distinctly broader, its androecium scarcely modified; bract of 1-3 outermost fls linear 2-4 mm; pedicel of outer fls 0.5-4- mm; perianth of all fls usually pilosulous overall but not so thickly as to conceal the form or surface, the calyx sometimes glabrate proximally, always faintly striate, the corolla externally nerveless; PERIPHERAL FLS: calyx turbinate (3—)3.6-6.8(—7.5) mm, the lanceolate or rarely ovate teeth (1.3-) 1.5-3 mm; corolla turbinate (5-)6-9(-9.5) mm, the ovate lobes 1.6—3(—3.6) mm; androecium 26-46-merous, 32-48 mm, the stemonozone 0.5-1.8 mm, the tube 2-4.5(-5) mm, not thickened within, the tassel red throughout; DISTAL FL(s): sessile or nearly so, the calyx broadly campanulate ±2.5-3 mm diam; corolla 8.5-11.5 mm; androecium to 52-merous, the stemonozone 1-2 mm, thickened (and presumably nectariferous) internally; ovary subsessile, at anthesis glabrous or micropapillate. Pod in profile linear- oblanceolate 5.5-9 x 0.6-0.7 cm, pilosulous overall, the massive sutural ribs shallowly sulcate lengthwise, the deeply recessed valves coarsely vertically venulose; seeds not seen.

In scrub woodland, riparian forest, about outcrops, occasional in restinga, below 800 m (but to 1600 m on Sa. dos Orgãos), native in s.-e. Brazil, from s. Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul, and extending into Uruguay and Argentina (Misiones), often cultivated for ornament in its native range and, since early 19th century, in warm temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres. — Map 14. — Fl. IX-II, IV, VII, perhaps at intervals through the year. — Diadema, mandavaré, quebra-foice, topete de cardenal (Brazil); pincel del aire, palode pincel, plumerillo, borlas de obispo (Argentina).