Dalea carthagenensis var. carthagenensis
Rupert C. Barneby
139a. Dalea carthagenensis (Jacquin) Macbride var. carthagenensis
(Plate CXXV)
Either glabrous up to the inflorescence or villosulous throughout; primary cauline leaves 3-7 cm long, with (9) 11-17 leaflets 5-18 (20) mm long; early peduncles 1-3.5 cm, later ones 0-1 cm long; bracts 3-5.5 mm long; calyx (5.8) 6.2-7.4 mm long, the tube (2.5) 2.6-3.4 mm, the intercostal glands mostly 3-5, small, discrete, the straight teeth 3-4.8 mm long; banner 4-6.4 mm long; keel 5.8-8 mm long, the claws 1.7-3 mm, the blades (3.7) 4.4-5.7 mm long, (1.9) 2.1-3.2 mm wide; androecium 6.2-9 mm long. — Collections: 46 (o).
Thickets near the coast and on brushy hillsides up to ± 1000 m in the interior, locally abundant, Caribbean slope in n. Venezuela and Colombia; Lesser Antilles (Curasao); Hispaniola (Haiti); Virgin Islands (St. John); in Puerto Rico represented by the next. — Flowering irregularly through the year .—Representative: HISPANIOLA. Haiti: E. & G. Leonard 13,017 (NY); E. Leonard 8930 (NY, UC). VIRGIN ISLANDS. St. John: Eggers 3038 (UC). LESSER ANTILLES. Curacao: Britton & Schaefer 3143 (NY); Benzon 277 (C); Br. Arnoldo 1782 (US). VENEZUELA. Lara: H. M. Curran 379 (NY). Carabobo: Alston 5885 (NY, US); Pittier 8670 (NY, US). Aragua: Pittier 5785 (F, NY, US), 11,351 (NY, US). Distrito Federal: Alston 5223 (F, NY, US); Pittier 9922 (NY, US). Miranda: Steyermark 54,981 (F). COLOMBIA. Atlan- tico: Dugand & Jaramillo 4072 (NY, US); Br. Elias 1345 (F, US). Bolivar: Pennell 4060 (F, NY, US); Killip & Smith 14,448 (NY, US). Magdalena: Haught 3869 (US); H. H. Smith 2041 (F, NY, TEX, UC, US, WIS).
Dalea carthagenensis (Jacqu.) Macbr., Field Mus., Bot 13: 375. 1943, based on Psoralea carthagenensis (of Cartagena) Jacqu., Enum. Syst. Pl. Carib. 27. 1760.— No locality given, but from the epithet evidently thought to come from Cartagena; based partly on Colutea enneaphylla etc. Plukenet, Phytographia tab. 166, fig. 2. 1691. — Holotypus, labelled "Psoralea carthagenensis. Herb. Jacquin.," W!—Parosela carthagenensis (Jacqu.) Killip, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 26: 359. 1936 ("carthaginensis", an incorrect spelling copied by Machride, 1943). Dalea carthagenensis subsp. typica R. T. Clausen, Bull. Torrey Club 73: 572. 1946.
Psoralea enneaphylla (with nine leaflets) Jacqu. in Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 3, 1076. 1764.—"Habitat in Indiis." — An apparent new proposition, but perhaps better interpreted as based on Psoralea foliis pinnatis etc. Jacqu. (= Ps. carthagenensis Jacqu.) and the Plukenet figure cited above, in which case a superfluous substitute. — Dalea enneaphylla (Jacqu.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1338. 1802.
Psoralea emphysodes (blister-like, of the glands) Jacqu., Collectanea 4: 144. 1790.— "Crescit ad Caracas." — Holotypus, labelled "Psoralea emphysodes. H[ort.] S[choenbrun.] Herb. Jacquin.," W!—Psoralea phymatodes (tumor-like) Jacqu., Ic. Pl. Rar. 3: pl. 563. 1792, a superfluous, possibly inadvertent substitute. Dalea phymatodes (Jacqu.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1338. 1802. Parosela emphysodes (Jacqu.) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 24: 113. 1920. Dalea emphysodes (Jacqu.) R. T. Clausen, Bull. Torrey Club 73: 85. 1946. D. emphysodes subsp. emphysodes R. T. Clausen, Bull. Torrey Club 73: 85. 1946.
Dalea domingensis (of Santo Domingo) DC., Prod. 2: 246. 1825 ("Domingensis").—"...in Sancto Domingo...comm, a cl. Balbis." —Holotypus, collected by Bertero, sent to DeCandolle by Balbis, G-DC! isotypi, from the same source, M, P!—Parosela domingensis (DC.) Millsp., Field Mus., Bot. 1: 21. 1895; A. Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl., ed. 2, 6.. 1900. Dalea carthagenensis subsp. domingensis (DC.) R. T. Clausen, Bull. Torrey Club 73: 572. 1946.
Dalea domingensis (of Santo Domingo) Spreng., Syst. 3: 327. 1826. — "Hispaniola. Bertero." —No typus seen, but probably based on an isotypus of D. domingensis DC.
The var. carthagenensis is variable in pubescence. Modern collections from prov. Bolivar in Colombia, whence the original Psoralea carthagenensis is thought to have come, are glabrous up to the spikes, as are the specimens in Jacquin’s herbarium preserved under the latter name. The same glabrous form occurs on Curaçao, but the populations sampled from stations in Santa Marta have thinly pubescent leaves and branchlets, intermediate to the usually villosulous Venezuelan plant to which the name Psoralea emphysodes was originally given. The few records from the Magdalena valley in Colombia are likewise more or less pubescent.
The representatives of D. carthagenensis found on Hispaniola, which Clausen referred, together with our var. floridana, to a subsp. domingensis, thought to differ in hooked calyx- teeth, is scarcely different from the villous phase of the South American mainland. The teeth in the holotypus of D. domingensis are, moreover, straight, and in other collections seen from Hispaniola almost imperceptibly incurved distally. On the other hand it seems preferable to exclude from var. carthagenensis the Porto Rican elements assigned by Rydberg to Parosela emphysodes; these have the habit and glabrous foliage of strictly typical var. carthagenensis but differ consistently in their smaller flowers. Curiously, the one collection that I have seen from the Virgin Islands is not var. portoricana, but typical var. carthagenensis.
.References: [Article] Barneby, Rupert C. 1977. Daleae Imagines, an illustrated revision of Errazurizia Philippi, Psorothamnus Rydberg, Marine Liebmann, and Dalea Lucanus emen. Barneby, including all species of Leguminosae tribe Amorpheae Borissova ever referred to Dalea. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 27: 1-892.Multimedia:
