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Hyaline
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Very thin almost to the point of being colorless and transparent; often applied to leaf, sepal, or petal margins. |
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Hybrid (hybridization)
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The result of a cross between genetically dissimilar individuals, most commonly referring to crosses between two different species. |
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Hydathode
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A structural modification, usually in leaves, that permits the release of water through an opening in the epidermis. |
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Hydrophobic
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Not combining or mixing well with water; e.g., the pollen grains of Cymodoceaceae. |
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Hydropote
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In the Myrsinaceae, a multicellular, epidermal structure, often of leaves, serving for the absorption of water and mineral salts. When young, hydropotes consist of a basal stalk and a group of cap cells, but at maturity the superficial structure breaks off and the remaining depression often regulates water as a hydathode. |
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Hygrochastic
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Referring to a type of plant movement caused by the absorption of water; e.g., the opening of capsular fruits as the result of taking in moisture from the air. |
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Hygroscopic
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Readily taking up and retaining moisture; structures sometimes change in position as a result of alternating gain and loss of water. |
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Hypanthium
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A floral tube made up of fused parts of the perianth and sometimes including receptacular tissue. The tube may be free from the ovary as in perigynous flowers or it may be fused to the ovary as in epignynous flowers. |
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Hypanthium
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A floral tube made up of fused parts of the perianth and sometimes including receptacular tissue. The tube may be free from the ovary as in perigynous flowers or it may be fused to the ovary as in epignynous flowers. |
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Hypha (plural = hyphae)
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The filaments of a fungus that combine to form the above ground mushroom and the below ground part of the fungus, the latter are analagous to the roots of vascular plants. In a mycorrhizal relationship, the hyphae attach to roots of plants and mediate the movement of carbohydrates to the fungus and minerals from the fungus to the plant. |
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Hypocarp
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The swollen pedicel that subtends the fruit of Anacardium (Anacardiaceae). Also called the cashew apple. |
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Hypochile
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The basal portion of a complex lip in Orchidaceae. |
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Hypocotyl
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The part of the main axis of a seed embryo or a very young seedling found below the cotyledonary node. |
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Hypocotyl
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The part of the main axis of a seed embryo (or a very young seedling) found below the cotyledonary node. The roots grow from the hypocotyl. |
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Hypocrateriform
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Referring to the shape of a sympetalous corolla in which the tube is slender and the lobes are abruptly spreading and flat. Same as salverform which is preferred over hypocrateriform. |
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Hypogeal germination
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A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons are retained below the ground. |
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Hypogeous fruits
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Immature fruits that penetrate the ground where they develop to maturity, the best examples are the hypogeous fruits of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and other legumes. |
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Hypogynium
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A disc or cuplike structure below the ovary of some Cyperaceae. |
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Hypogynous bristle
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Hairlike filaments arising from the base of the achene in some species of Cyperaceae. |
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Hypogynous ovary
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Referring to a flower in which 1) the sepals, petals, and stamens are free from one another and arise from beneath the ovary, e.g., the flowers of Ranunculaceae or 2) bristles or other structures as well as stamens arise from below the ovary, e.g., the bristles of some species of Cyperaceae and the modified bracts of species of Poaceae. Compare with epigynous and perigynous. |
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Hypopeltate anther
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Referring to an anther with the filament attached above the base and with the part of the anther that is prolonged downward facing away from the center of the flower. |
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Icthyochory (icthyochorous)
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Referring to the process by which diaspores are moved from one place to the other (dispersed) by fish. Same as fish seed dispersal. |
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Igapó
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A Portuguese term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by acidic, black-colored water (also called white water). |
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Igapó
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A Portuguese term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by acidic, black-colored water (also called white water). See Prance (1979) for more information about forests subjected to inundation in Amazonia. See Prance (1979) for more information about forests subjected to inundation in Amazonia. |
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Imbibition lid
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In the Cannaceae, a lid on the raphe of the seed that covers a pore through which water passes into the seed. |
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