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Cirrus
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A whiplike extension of the leaf rachis that is armed with reflexed spines and aids in climbing; e.g., in species of Desmoncus (Arecaceae). |
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Cistolito
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Cristal típicamente de Carbonato de Calcio (CaCO3) localizado en las células epidérmicas de la superficie de las hojas de ciertas plantas (e.g., Acanthaceae), y que aparecen como una protuberancia o una raya de color más claro. |
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Clade
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A monophyletic evolutionary line. |
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Clado
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Una línea evolutiva monofilética. |
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Cladode
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A flattened, green, photosynthetic stem; e.g., in some Cactaceae. |
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Cladodio
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Tallo aplanado, verde, fotosintético. Por ejemplo, en las Cactaceae. |
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Clasping
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At least partially enclosing the axis; e.g., the base of a leaf that partially surrounds the stem on which it is borne. Same as amplexicaul. |
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Class
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A unit of classification. A phylum is divided into classes; e.g., the Liliopsida (monocots) and Magnoliopsida (dicots) are the two classes of Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) in the system of Cronquist (1981). |
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Clathrate
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Latticelike in appearance. |
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Clavate
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Club-shaped; e.g., in the Lecythidaceae many of the stamens of zygomorphic-flowered species are clavate. |
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Claviforme
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Con forma de una clava o porra. En las Lecythidaceae, muchos de los estambres de las flores zigomorfas son claviformes |
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Clavuncle
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The expanded distal part of the style, including the stigma, in some species of Apocynaceae. Same as style head. |
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Claw (clawed)
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Referring to a structure, such as a petal, that is abruptly constricted toward the base (having a claw). Same as unguiculate. |
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Cleistógama, cleistogamia
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Se refiere a aquellas flores que no abren y usualmente se autopolinizan. |
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Cleistogamy (cleistogamous)
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Referring to flowers that do not open and usually are self-fertilized. |
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Clinandrium
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In the Orchidaceae, the portion of the column upon which the anther is borne; the columnar tissue surrounding or covering the anther. |
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Clinandro
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Equivalente a androclino. |
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Clipper pole (= plant pruner)
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Clipper poles are used to collect plants from trees, epiphytes, and lianas that are too high to collect from the ground. We prefer aluminum poles because they are lighter than fiber glass and wood poles. In addition, the fiber glass poles tend to split at the bottom of the pole. The clilpper pole cutting head should be as light as possible because it is extremely difficult to manipulate a pole off the vertical if the cutting head is too heavy. In addition, a heavy clipper head tends to bend the poles; thus making them much more difficut to handle. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com. |
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Clon
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Una población de plantas producida por reproducción asexual cuyos individuos poseen la misma composición genetica. |
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Clone
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A population of plants produced by asexual reproduction resulting in individual members with the same genetic composition. |
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Clorofila
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Pigmento verde que se encuentra en las células vegetales, juega un papel esencial en la fotosíntesis. La mayoría de las plantas poseen clorofila, pero en algunas como en las saprófitas la clorofila está ausente |
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Cloud forest
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A mid-elevation vegetation type often covered in clouds. Cloud forest is dominated by low, snarled trees covered with mosses and liverworts. Species of orchids are abundant in this vegetation type and tree ferns are often conspicuous. Depending on local climate, distance from the sea, and isolation from other mountain ranges, cloud forest can be found between 500 and 4000 meters but it is most frequent between 1000 and 2000 meters. |
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Cloud forest
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A mid-elevation vegetation type often covered in clouds. Cloud forest is dominated by trees covered with mosses and liverworts. Species of orchids are abundant in this vegetation type and tree ferns are often conspicuous. Depending on local climate, distance from the sea, and isolation from other mountain ranges, cloud forest can be found between 500 and 4000 meters but it is most frequent between 1000 and 2000 meters. |
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Coccus (plural = cocci)
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One of the parts of a dry fruit that breaks into usually 1-seeded segments; e.g., the fruit of Serjania spp. (Sapindaceae); in the Euphorbiaceae, one of the sections of the wall of a dry dehiscent fruit. |
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Cochleariform
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Concave like a spoon. |
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Cochleate
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Shaped like a snail shell. |
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Cocleada, cocleado
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Con forma de una concha de caracol. |
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Cocleado-ascendente
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Es un tipo de aestivación en las corolas de Acanthaceae, en la que un pétalo que es más grande que los demás cubre a los restantes pétalos en una prefloración. |
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Cocleariforme
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Cóncavo y con una base alargada, como una cuchara. |
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Coeval
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Originating or existing during the same period of time. |
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Coevolución
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Proceso recíproco en el que las adaptaciones de un organismo promueven adaptaciones en otro. Por ejemplo, la antesis nocturna de una flor con forma de copa y el hocico alargado de un murciélago que poliniza a esa flor. |
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Coevolution
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A reciprocal process in which adaptations of one organism promote adaptations in another; e.g., the nocturnal anthesis of a cup-shaped flower and the elongated snout of a bat that pollinates that flower. |
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Coherent
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Coming into contact but not fused; e.g., the anthers of species of Asteraceae and Campanulaceae. Same as connivent. |
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Coherente
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Que están en contacto, pero sin estar fusionados. Por ejemplo, las anteras de las especies de Asteraceae y Campanulaceae. Similar a connivente. |
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Coiled pedicel
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A pedicel that coils like a spring after the fruits start to form, a mechanism found in a few species of plants and functions to bring the fruits closer to the ground, presumably to make it easier for animals to disperse the seeds. |
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Colateral
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Situado de lado. Por ejemplo, los óvulos en un lóculo. |
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Coleoptera
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An order of insects including the beetles and weevils. Species of Coleoptera, can be pollinators and predators of plants. |
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Coleoptera, coleóptero
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Orden de los insectos que incluye a los escarabajos. Los escarabajos son polinizadores y predadores de plantas. |
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Coléter
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En las Rubiaceae es una estructura tipo glándula que está localizada en la axila de las estípulas, puede ser simple o ramificada. En las Apocynaceae es una glándula localizada a lo largo de las líneas interpeciolares o en la axila de la hoja, a veces confundida con una estípula. |
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Collar
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An ringlike expansion around a structure. See stylar collar. |
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Collar
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Expansión a manera de un anillo que está dispuesta alrededor de una estructura. Ver collar del estilo |
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Collar del estilo
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Expansión en forma de anillo que rodea al estilo justo abajo del estigma. |
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Collateral
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Situated side by side; e.g., the ovules in a locule. |
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Collecting equipment
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The equipment needed to collect plants in both temperate and tropical regions. Access the attached PDF for a list of essential equipment used by the senior author of this glossary. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com. |
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Collection number
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A unique number assigned to a plant collection that includes the name of the collector and a number. Collection numbers should start from 0 and continue sequentially throughout the career of the collector. The collection number of the collection represented by the attached label is Mori et al. 20100. Note that when there are more than two collectors all but the person's name who numbers the collection is reduced to et al. (= and others). For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com. |
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Collective vein
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A vein running along the leaf margin, such as in many species of Anthurium (Araceae). |
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Colleter
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A multicellular, simple or branched, glandlike structure found in the axils of stipules, bracteoles, bracts, and leaf blade margins that produce mucilage which may contain terpene-based resins. |
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Colleter
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In Lecythidaceae, a multicellular, unbranched glandlike structure found along leaf blade margins. Up to the present only Cariniana estrellensis has been shown to have colleters. |
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Colpo
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Abertura alargada que se encuentra en la pared de un grano de polen. |
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Colporate pollen
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Referring to a pollen grain with composite apertures, each consisting of a furrow and a pore. |
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Colpus (plural = colpi)
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An elongated aperture in the wall of a pollen grain. |
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Columela
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Eje central en el interior del fruto, como en las Lecythidaceae. Ver carpóforo. |
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Columella
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See carpophore; the central axis within the fruit; e.g., in Lecythidaceae. |
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Columella (pl. = columellae)
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A woody outgrowth that descends into the fruit from the interior, middle of the operculum. |
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Column
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In the Orchidaceae, the structure formed by the fused androecium and gynoecium. |
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Column foot
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In the Orchidaceae, the fleshy continuation of the base of the column, often more prominent in fruit. |
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Column wing
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In the Orchidaceae referring to a broadening of the column towards the apice which is normally lateral, but may be curved upward or downward. |
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Columna
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En las Orchidaceae es la estructura formada por la fusión del androceo y gineceo. |
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Coma (comosa)
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Se refiere a un grupo de pelos que posee una estructura, como en algunas semillas. Muchas semillas que son dispersas por viento generalmente poseen coma. |
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Coma (Comose)
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Referring to a structure, such as a seed, the bears tufts of hairs. Wind-dispersed seeds are often comose. |
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Combretaceous hairs
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Referring to long, sharp pointed, unicellular, and very thick-walled hairs with a conical internal compartment at the base; characteristic of Combretaceae. |
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Comisura
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En las Apiaceae, es la estructura por la que dos carpelos se unen el uno con el otro. |
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Commissure
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In the Apiaceae, the structure by which two carpels join one another. |
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Complanada, complanado
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Aplanada. |
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Complanate
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A sphere that is flattened at both poles. |
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Complanate
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A sphere that is flattened at both poles or a sphere that is shorter in height than it is in width. The term can refer to both three- and two-dimensional shapes. |
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Complete flower
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A flower with all whorls of floral parts; i.e., calyx, corolla, stamen(s), and gynoecium. Compare with incomplete flower. |
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Compound
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Referring to an organ, such as a leaf, which is divided into smaller units; i.e., leaflets. Opposite of simple. |
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Compound leaf
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Referring to a leaf which is divided into smaller units; i.e., leaflets. Opposite of simple. |
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Compound pistil
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A gynoecium composed of more than one carpel, same as compound ovary. |
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Compuesto
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Se aplica a un órgano, como a una hoja, cuando está dividida en unidades mas pequeñas; como las hojuelas. Opuesto a simple. |
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Concave
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Curved inward or hollowed out, as the surface of a saucer or the margin of a leaf blade. Opposite of convex. |
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Cóncavo
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Curvado hacia el interior, como la superficie de un cuenco. Opuesto a convexo. |
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Concavo-convex
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A shape which is concave on one side and covex on the other. |
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Cóncavo-convexo
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Forma que es cóncava en un lado y convexa por el otro lado. |
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