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Term	Definition
Unifoliate	Referring to a plant with one leaf.
Unifoliolate leaf	A leaf appearing to be simple but believed to be derived from an ancestor with a compound leaf, commonly found in species of Fabaceae.
Unilaterally winged seed	Referring to a seed wing that arise from one side.
Unilocular	Referring to an ovary with a single locule.
Uniseriado	Se aplica a un perianto que posee un sólo verticilo, ya sea que esté conformado por el cáliz o por la corola; e.g., el perianto de Nyctaginaceae y Thymelaeaceae. Este término también se aplica a pelos pluricelulares, cuyas células están dispuestas en una sola hilera, en sentido longitudinal.
Uniseriate perianth	Referring to a perianth with a single whorl composed of either the calyx or the corolla; e.g., the perianth of Nyctaginaceae and Thymelaeaceae.
Unisexual flower	Referring to a flower with either functional stamens or functional gynoecia but not both. Same as imperfect flower.
Unitegmic ovule	An ovule with one integument.
Upper	See adaxial.
Upper septum	In neotropical Lecythidaceae, the part of a wall-like partition of a locule located above an articulation (often only seen as a thin line), as seen in longitudinal section, that divides the septum into a lower part and an upper part.
Urceolate	Shaped like an urn, same as urn-shaped.
Urn-shaped	Shaped like a vase that is wide at the base and narrower at the apex. Same as urceolate.
Urticaceous stamens	Stamens that spring forward to release pollen at anthesis; typical of the flowers of the Urticaceae and some related families.
Urticant	Causing itching or stinging when touched.
Urticating trichomes	Trichomes that cause itching or burning sensations such as in some species of Euphorbiaceae and Urticaceae; sometimes called urticating hairs but urticating trichomes is preferred because it limits the term to plants. Urticating trichomes are thought to protect the plant from predators.
Utricle	A small, one-seeded, somewhat inflated, usually indehiscent fruit; e.g., in some species of Caryophyllaceae, Lemnaceae, and Plumbaginaceae; the inflated basal chamber formed by the perianth of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae); in Cyperaceae, see perigynium.
Utriculate	In the shape of a bladder.
UV pattern	Markings on a flower that are only seen under ultra-violet light by humans or to insects without being exposed to UV light. These markings usually serve as honey guides to the insects.
Vacuole	A space or cavity within the cell.
Vaginate	Possessing a sheath; e.g., used to describe the petiole base of some species of Piper.
Valva	Cada uno de los segmentos de un fruto dehiscente que hipotéticamente representa a un carpelo del ovario
Valvate (adjj.)	A type of aestivation in which the edges of the sepals and petals meet exactly and do not overlap (compare with imbricate); referring to the opening of an anther by small flaps; e.g., in Lauraceae.
Valve	One of the segments of an ovary each of which is hypothesized to represent a carpel or one of the segments of a dehiscent fruit.
Variegated leaves	Having streaks, marks, or patches of different colors; e.g., the immature leaves of some species of Calathea (Marantaceae) and several species of Psychotria (Rubiaceae), and the mature leaves of Cyclopogon olivaceus (Orchidaceae).
Variety (abbreviation = var.)	A subdivision of subspecies, i.e., a rank between and subspecies and a form.
Várzea	A Portuguese term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by alkaline, café au lait-colored water (also called white water).
Várzea	A Portuguese term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by alkaline, café au lait-colored water (also called white water). Do not confuse white-water with rapidly flowing water of rapids and waterfalls. See Prance (1979) for more information about forests subjected to inundation in Amazonia.
Vascular	Referring to the xylem and phloem.
Vascular bundle	In the angiosperms, separate strands of phloem and xylem cells that transport water and nutrients to the leaves and photosynthate (carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis) to other parts of the plant.
Vascular trace	That part of a vascular bundle extending from the vascular cylinder of the stem into the base of the leaf.
Vegetative	The reproductive parts of a plant, e.g., the leaves, stems, and roots.
Vegetative reproduction	Referring to non-sexual reproduction, by ramets developing from stolons, sprouts from rhizomes, budding from the leaves, tubers, or bulblets.
Veinlet	See venule.
Velamen	A spongy covering of one or two layers of cells derived from the epidermis and surrounding the roots of Orchidaceae and Araceae. The velamen is usually white and functions to absorb mineral-rich water when it rains.
Velum	Membranous flap of tissue; in Siparuna (Siparunaceae), a perforated flap of tissue at the apex of the flower.
Velutinous	Velvety; covered with short, soft, spreading hairs.
Venation	The network or pattern of vascular tissue (veins) in a leaf or other organ.
Ventral	See adaxial.
Ventricose	Inflated or swollen on one side.
Venule	The ultimate division of the venation of a leaf blade.
Vermiform	Wormlike.
Vernation	The arrangement of leaves in the bud.
Verrucose	Warty.
Versátil	Término que se aplica a la antera cuyo punto de inserción con el filamento es en la parte dorsal y más arriba de la base, de modo que se puede mover
Versatile anther	A stamen in which the filament is attached to the anther above the base of the anther.
Verticil	A whorl of structures; e.g., leaves or bracts.
Verticilada	Se refiere cuando tres o más órganos se encuentran dispuestos en el mismo plano e insertos en un mismo nudo alrededor de un tallo; por ejemplo, a las hojas en un tallo. Comparar con alterna y opuesta
Verticillaster	A pair of cymes arising from the axils of opposite leaves or bracts such that they falsely appear to be in a verticil; e.g., in some Acanthaceae and Lamiaceae.
Verticillate	Arising from an axis in groups of more than two at the same node; e.g., leaves along a stem or flowers along a rachis. Same as whorled. Compare with alternate and opposite.
Very narrowly elliptic	Referring to a two-dimensional shape with the widest point at the middle and tlength to width ratio of 6:1 or more.
Very widely oblong	Referring to a two dimensional shape in which the greatest width extends throughout a middle zone at least one-third the length of the blade (in this zone the margins are more-or-less parallel) and the length to width ratio is 1.2:1 or less.
Very widely obovate	Very widely obovate refers to a leaf, sepal, petal, or other flat structure that is wider above the midpoint and has a length-to-width ratio of 1:1 or less.
Very widely ovate	Very widely ovate refers to a leaf, sepal, petal, or other flat structure that is wider at the base than at the midpoint, tapers toward the apex, and has a length-to-width ratio of 1:1 or less.
Vesicle	Small bladderlike structure; e.g., the formicaria of some some Melastomataceae.
Vesicular	Of or pertaining to vesicles.
Vestigial	Rudimentary.
Vestigial stamen	An appendage derived directly from a staminode and indirectly from a stamen that no longer has an anther or the anther is small and withered compared to the fertile anthers of normal stamens in the staminal ring or the fodder pollen-producing anthers of staminodes.
Vestigial stamen nectaries	In the Lecythidaceae, the inner-most appendages at the apex of a fully-coiled, zygomorphic-flowered, neotropical Lecythidaceae that produce nectar which accumulates in the nectar chamber. Nectar-producing vestigial stamens and nectar chambers are only found in species of Couratari and Eschweilera sensu lato. Fully coiled refers to species that have more than one inward coil, i.e., species with two or more coils.
Vestigial stamens	An appendage, most likely derived directly from a staminode and indirectly from a stamen, that no longer has an anther or the anther is small and withered compared to the fertile anthers of normal stamens in the staminal ring or the fodder pollen-producing antherodes of staminodes.
Vestigial stamens external	Referring to an inwardly, once coiled androecial hood that possesses vestigial stamens only on the outside (externally of the coil. This feature is only used to describe species with at single coil.
Vestigial stamens external	Referring to an inwardly curved hood that possesses vestigial stamens only on the outside of the coil; e.g., in the Lecythidaceae.
Vestigial stamens internal	Referring to an inwardly, once-coiled androecial hood that possesses vestigial stamens on the inside (internally) as well as on the outside of the coil (externally).
Vestiture	The epidermal outgrowths or coverings.
Vexillum	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae. Same as standard, flag, and banner with standard the preferred term.
Villous	Provided with long, soft hairs.
Vine	A nonwoody, climbing plant; some authors do not distinguish between liana and vine. Compare with liana.
Violaceous	Blue-red but nearer to blue than to red.
Virgate	Long, slender, and straight like some twigs.
Viscid	Sticky.
Viscidio	En las Orchidaceae, es la parte pegajosa del rostelo que es removida como una unidad junto con el polinio y sirve para unir el polinio con el agente dispersor.
Viscidium	In the Orchidaceae, a sticky part of the rostellum that is removed with the pollinia as a unit and serves to attach the pollinia to the dispersal agent.
Viscin	A sticky substance surrounding the seeds of some plants (e.g., species of Eremolepidaceae and Viscaceae) or found in threads associated with pollen (e.g., Ericaceae and Onagraceae).
Viscous	Having a relatively high resistance to flow; thick and usually sticky.
Vitta (plural = vittae)	An oil tube in the ovary walls of fruits of Apiaceae.
Vivipary (viviparous)	In plants, germinating while still attached to the parent plant.

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