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Acronym
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An acronym is a code assigned by Index Herbariorum for the herbaria of the world with more than 5,000 collections; for example, the codes for The New York Botanical Garden (= NY), The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (= K), and the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (= RB) are provided. |
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Acropétalo
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Que se desarrolla desde la base y en dirección hacia el ápice. Opuesto a basipétalo. |
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Acropetalous
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Developing from the base toward the apex. Opposite of basipetalous. |
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Acroscopic
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Facing or directed toward the apex. Opposite of basiscopic. |
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Acroscópica
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Orientada hacia el ápice. Ver basiscópica. |
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Acroscópico
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De frente al ápice o en dirección a este. Opuesto a basiscópico. |
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Actinódromo
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Se refiere a un tipo disposición de las venas en una hoja, en el que tres o más venas primarias divergen radialmente desde un mismo punto. |
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Actinomorfa
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Cuando una estructura al ser dividida en más de un plano, resulta en dos partes iguales. Este término usualmente es aplicado a las flores, e.g. en Gustavia (Lecythidaceae) y a las especies de Myrtaceae. Actinomorfo es lo mismo que regular y radialmente simétrico. Es opuesto a zigomorfo. |
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Actinomorphic
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A plant structure capable of being divided, in more than one plane, into two equal parts that are mirror images of one another; this term is most often used to refer to flowers. |
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Actinomorphic flower
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A flower, capable of being divided, by more than one line passing through the middle of the flower, into two equal parts that are mirror images of one another; e.g., in Gustavia (Lecythidaceae), species of Myrtaceae, and species of Rubiaceae. Same as polysymmetric, radially symmetrical, and regular flowers and opposite of zygomorphic, monosymmetric, bilateral, and irregular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well. |
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Acuática, acuático
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Que crece o habita en el agua. |
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Aculeado
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Provisto de acúleos (aguijones). |
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Acúleo
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Un aguijón o una espina. |
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Aculeus (Latin, pl. = aculei, adj. = aculeate)
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A prickle or a spine. |
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Acumen
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Apex. |
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Acumen
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Ápice. Ver acuminado. |
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Acuminado
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Término aplicado mayormente a superficies laminares cuando gradualmente se angostan formando un ápice agudo cuyos lados son cóncavos. Comparar con acumen, agudo. |
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Acuminate
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Gradually tapering to an acute apex with the sides being concave. |
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Acute
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Sharp; usually referring to the apex of a flattened structure (such as a leaf) in which the two sides are straight and, when they meet, form an angle that is always less than 90°. |
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Ad-
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A prefix meaning “to” or “toward.” |
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Ad-
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Prefijo que significa hacia o en dirección a. |
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Adaxial
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Se refiere a el lado de un órgano que está situado hacia el eje; por ejemplo, la superficie superior de una hoja. Equivalente a dorsal, superficie superior; opuesto a abaxial |
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Adaxial
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Referring to the side of an organ facing toward the axis; i.e., the morphologically upper surface of a leaf. Opposite of abaxial and same as dorsal surface. |
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Adaxial
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The upper part of a structure such as a leaf, i.e., that part of the structure that faces toward the main axis to which it is attached. For example, if a leaf is pushed upward and against a stem the surface facing toward the stem is the abaxial surface. |
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Admedial
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Toward the axis of any structure, especially used to describe leaf venation. Opposite of exmedial. |
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Admedial
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Toward the axis of any structure, especially used to describe leaf venation. |
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Admedial
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Dirigido hacia el eje de una estructura. Término especialmente utilizado para describir el patrón de venas en una hoja. Opuesto a exmedial. |
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Adnado
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Se refiere a la fusión de estructuras de dos tipos, como los estambres a la corola o las estípulas a los peciolos. Comparar con connado |
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Adnate
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Referring to the attachment of one type of structure to another type of structure, as the stamens to the corolla or the stipules to the petiole. |
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Adpresa, adpreso
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Se refiere a una estructura que está dispuesta sobre otra estructura, por ejemplo: Un tricoma que está en el lado abaxial de una hoja o un cáliz que está apretado sobre un fruto, como en Priva lappulacea. |
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Adpressed
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Referring to one structure that is tightly positioned against another structure, e.g., a trichome pressed tightly against the abaxial leaf blade surface or the calyx tightly pressed against the fruit of Priva lappulacea. |
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Adventicio
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Se refiere a un órgano que se encuentra en una posición inusual, especialmente brotes o raíces; por ejemplo: Las raíces aéreas de una Araceae. |
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Adventitious
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Referring to an organ arising from an unusual position, especially buds or roots; e.g., the aerial roots of species of Araceae. |
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Adventitious roots
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Roots arising directly from a part of the plant other than the primary root, e.g., the roots that arise from the base of the stem of a corn plant (Zea mays) but adventitious roots can also arise from other parts of a plant. |
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Adventiva
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Se refiere a una especie de planta o animal que se ha establecido en una región de la cual no es nativa. |
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Adventive
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Referring to a plant or animal that has become established in a region to which it is not native but does not cause noticible economic or ecological harm. |
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Aerenchyma
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Tissue with large,intercellular, air-filled spaces; e.g., in the petioles of many species of Araceae and in the roots, stems, and leaves of many aquatic plants. |
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Aerénquima
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Tejido con grandes espacios intercelulares llenos de aire; por ejemplo, en los pecíolos de muchas especies de Araceae, y en las raíces, tallos y hojas de muchas plantas acuáticas. |
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Aerial roots
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Adventitious roots of lianas and hemiepiphytes in the forest canopy that ultimately anchor in the ground or some other substrate; e.g., some species of Clusia (Clusiaceae) and Philodendron (Araceae). The aerial roots of some species are split and used to make baskets, furniture, hats and as rope to tie together temporary shelters. |
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Aerial tuber
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A tuber that arises from an aerial root in contrast to a true tuber which arises from underground roots or stems. |
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Aestivación
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Disposición de las partes del perianto en un botón floral. |
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Aestivation
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The arrangement of the parts of the perianth in the floral bud. |
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Aggregate fruit
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A fruit formed by the coalescence of carpels that were distinct (apocarpous) in flower; e.g., Rubus (blackberry) and Fragaria (strawberry).. |
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Aguajal
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A Spanish name referring to a palm swamp dominated by moriche palms Mauritia flexuosa. Same as morichal in Spanish and burital in Portuguese. |
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Agudo
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Término usualmente aplicado al ápice de estructuras laminares (como en las hojas) en el que los dos lados son rectos y cuando se interceptan forman un ángulo de menos de 90°. Comparar con acuminado y obtuso. |
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Aguijón, acúleo
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Proyección puntiaguda y más o menos cónica del tejido superficial de un tallo; por ejemplo, aquellas localizadas en el tronco y ramas de Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae), Jacaratia spinosa (Caricaceae) y la de los tallos de Smilax spp. (Smilacaceae). Comparar con espina |
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Ala de la columna
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En las Orchidaceae, se refiere al ensanchamiento usualmente lateral y hacia el ápice de la columna, a veces podría estar curvado hacia arriba o abajo. |
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Alada
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Este término se aplica a frutos y semillas que poseen estructuras semejantes a alas, es decir con una o varias proyecciones delgadas y planas que ayudan a su dispersión por viento. Este término también se aplica a delgadas proyecciones longitudinales que están a lo largo de alguna estructura, como un tallo, peciolo, cáliz, etc... |
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Alantoide
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Que tiene forma semejante a la de una morcilla. |
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Alate
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Refers to a band of tissue running the length of a structure; = winged. |
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Alate
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With a thin, conspicuous ridge running down the length of a structure such as a stem, leaf rachis, ovary, or fruit. Same as winged. |
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Albumen
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General term for the nutritive tissue of the seed located between the embryo and seed coat. |
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Albumen
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Término general que se aplica en la semilla al tejido nutritivo que se encuentra localizado entre el embrión y la cubierta. |
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Albuminada (albuminosa)
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Que tiene albumen. |
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Albuminate (albuminous)
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With albumen |
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Alcaloide
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Compuesto orgánico de base nitrogenada que frecuentemente se encuentra en las plantas tóxicas. Los alcaloides podrían proteger a las plantas de ser predadas por herbívoros. Algunos alcaloides como la cafeína que se encuentra en el café (Coffea arabica), son de importancia económica. |
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Alien
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An animal, plant, or microbe that is introduced or naturally dispersed from one area into to another area. There are two types of alien plants, adentives that cause no apparent economic and ecological harm (e.g., the common mullein) and invasives that cause economic or ecological harm (e.g., the Japanese knotweed). |
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Aliform
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Winglike; e.g., the seeds of many Bignoniaceae. |
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Aliforme
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Como ala; por ejemplo, las semillas de muchas Bignoniaceae. |
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Alkaloid
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An organic, nitrogen-based compound found in plants that are often somewhat toxic. Alkaloids may protect plants from predation by herbivores and others, such as the cafeine found in coffee (Coffea arabica), are of economic importance. |
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Allantoid
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A solid form sausage-like in outline. |
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Alternas
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Se aplica a las hojas que están dispuestas de manera solitaria en cada nudo en una rama. Comparar con opuestas y verticiladas |
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Alternate
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Referring to leaves and other structures that arise from an axis singly at each node, the leaves can be either simple or compound. Compare with opposite and whorled. |
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Alternate leaves
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Referring to leaves that arise from an axis singly at each node, the leaves can be either simple or compound. Compare with opposite and whorled. |
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Alternation of generations
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Referring to the alternation of the haploid (n) and diploid (2n) generations of plants. In the lower plants (e.g., the bryophytes), the gametophyte generation is the dominant phase and the sporophyte generation depends on it for photosynthate. In contrast, in the higher plants (e.g., the flowering plants) the sporophyte generation is the dominant phase and the gametophyte depends on it for photosynthate. |
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Alveolada
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Como un panal de abejas; por ejemplo, con fosas angulares separadas por septos delgados. |
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Alveolate
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Like a honeycomb; i.e., with angular pits separated by thin, ridgelike partitions. |
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Alveolo
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Una fosa pequeña y angulada, como las celdas de un panal de abejas. |
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Alveolus (plural = alveoli)
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A small, angular pit like those of a honeycomb. |
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Ament
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A spike with closely congested, often apetalous, unisexual flowers; e.g., staminate inflorescences of species of Betulaceae. Same as catkin. Aments are generally associated with wind pollination. |
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Amento
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Racimo espiciforme denso de florecitas inconspicuas, generalmente unisexuales. |
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Amfisarco
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Un fruto simple, indehiscente, cuyo pericarpo es externamente diferenciado en una corteza seca y al interior en una o más capas carnosas
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Amphisarcum (plural = amphisarca)
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A simple, indehiscent fruit with the pericarp differentiated externally into a dry crust and internally into one or more fleshy layers. |
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Amphitropous
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Referring to an ovule with a curved embryo sac in which the stalk (funicle) is curved such that the tip of the ovule and the base of the stalk are near one another. Compare with anatropous. |
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Amplexicalous
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